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Comparison on Usefulness of Sampling Methods of Indoles in Airs from Swine Facility by Tenax-TA and SPME
Yu. Mee-Seon, Lee. Jae-Chun, Yang. Sung-Bong, Kim. Doo-Hwan, Cho. Sung-Back, Whang. Ok-Wha 한국환경과학회 Journal of environmental science international 11 Pages
한국환경과학회 Journal of environmental science international 2013, Vol.22 No.12 1539-1549 (11 pages)
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Toward the development of a one-dose classical swine fever subunit vaccine
Rachel F. Madera, Lihua Wang, Wenjie Gong, Yulia Burakova, Sterling Buist, Jerome Nietfeld, Jamie Henningson, Ada G. Cino-Ozuna, Changch 대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 13 Pages
대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 2018, 제 19권 제 3호 9 393-405 (13 pages)
Highly contagious classical swine fever (CSF) remains a major trade and health problem in the pig industry, resulting in large economic losses worldwide. In CSF-endemic countries, attenuated CSF virus (CSFV) vaccines have been routinely used to control the disease. However, eradication of CSFV in a geographical area would require permanent reduction to zero presence of the virus. It is therefore of paramount importance to develop a safe, potent, and non-infectious CSF vaccine. We have previously... -
Comparative study of pandemic (H1N1) 2009, swine H1N1, and avian H3N2 influenza viral infections in quails
Aunyaratana Thontiravong, Suwarak Wannaratana, Rachod Tantilertcharoen, Duangduean Prakairungnamthip, Ranida Tuanudom, Jiroj Sas 대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 9 Pages
대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 2012, 제 13권 제 4호 9 395-403 (9 pages)
Quail has been proposed to be an intermediate host of influenza A viruses. However, information on the susceptibility and pathogenicity of pandemic H1N1 2009 (pH1N1) and swine influenza viruses in quails is limited. In this study, the pathogenicity, virus shedding, and transmission characteristics of pH1N1, swine H1N1 (swH1N1), and avian H3N2 (dkH3N2) influenza viruses in quails was examined. Three groups of 15 quails were inoculated with each virus and evaluated for clinical signs, virus... -
Assessment of Replication and Virulence of Attenuated Pseudorabies Virus in Swine
T. J. Newby, D. P. Carter, K.-J. Yoon, M. W. Jackwood and P. A. Hawkins 대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 6 Pages
대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 2002, 제 3권 제 2호 1 61-66 (6 pages)
a modified live gE-deleted pseudorabies virus (PRV MS) in swine and potential for reversion to virulence after animal passages. Two to 3 week-old weaned pigs, negative for PRV, were maintained in isolation and challenged by intranasal instillation. For the first passage, 6 pigs were given 1 mL of PRV MS (10(7.3)TCID(50)/mL) and 2 were necropsied at 3, 4 and 5 days post-inoculation (PI). Brain and secondary lymphoid tissues were collected, homogenized and the supernatants individually pooled for... -
Induction of antibody and interferon-γ production in mice immunized with virus-like particles of swine hepatitis E virus
Young-Jo Song, Woo-Jung Park, Seul-Kee Lee, Joong-Bok Lee, Seung-Yong Park, Chang-Seon Song, Sang-Won Lee, Kun-Ho Seo, Young-Sun 대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 4 Pages
대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 2014, 제 15권 제 4호 15 575-578 (4 pages)
of mice immunized with the VLPs were evaluated. IgG titers specific for the capsid protein of swine HEV were significantly higher for all groups of mice immunized with the VLPs than those of the negative control mice. Splenocytes from mice immunized with the VLPs also produced significantly greater quantities of interferon (IFN)-γ than interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10. These newly developed swine HEV VLPs have the capacity to induce antigen-specific antibody and IFN-γ production in immunized mice. -
Association between endotoxin levels in dust from indoor swine housing environments and the immune responses of pigs
Katharine Roque, Kyung Min Shin, Ji Hoon Jo, Gyeong Dong Lim, Eun Seob Song, So Jung Shin, Ravi Gautam, Jae Hee Lee, Yeon Gyeong Kim, Ah 대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 8 Pages
대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 2018, 제 19권 제 3호 2 331-338 (8 pages)
Indoor animal husbandry environments are inevitably contaminated with endotoxins. Endotoxin exposure is associated with various inflammatory illnesses in animals. This cross-sectional study evaluated the relationship between the degree of endotoxin exposure and the cellular and humoral immune profiles of fattening pigs. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein of 47 pigs from ten pig farms in Korea. Whole blood cell counts and plasma immunoglobulin (Ig) classes were determined.... -
Isolation and characterization of Korean porcine deltacoronavirus strain KNU16-07
Guehwan Jang, Seong-Hee Kim, Yoo Jin Lee, Seungjoon Kim, Du Sik Lee, Kyoung-Ki Lee, Changhee Lee 대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 5 Pages
대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 2018, 제 19권 제 4호 15 577-581 (5 pages)
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) has emerged in several pig-raising countries and has been a causative pathogen associated with diarrheal diseases in South Korea since 2014. In the present study, we were able to isolate and cultivate a Korean PDCoV strain (KNU16-07) in cell culture and investigate its pathogenicity. PDCoV-inoculated piglets showed watery diarrhea accompanied by acute enteritis in the natural host. Sequencing analysis demonstrated the genetic stability of KNU16-07 for at least... -
Phenotypic and genotypic analyses of an attenuated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strain after serial passages in cultured porcine alveolar macrophages
Seung-Chul Lee, Sunhee Lee, Gun-Woo Yoo, Hwan-Won Choi, Yun-Hee Noh, Chang Eon Park, Jae-Ho Shin, In-Joong Yoon, Shien-Young Kang4, Chang 대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 10 Pages
대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 2018, 제 19권 제 3호 5 358-367 (10 pages)
a globally ubiquitous swine viral pathogen that causes major economic losses worldwide. We previously reported an over-attenuated phenotype of cell-adapted PRRSV strain CA-2-P100 in vivo. In the present study, CA-2-P100 was serially propagated in cultured porcine alveolar macrophage (PAM) cells for up to 20 passages to obtain the derivative strain CA-2-MP120. Animal inoculation studies revealed that both CA-2-P100 and CA-2-MP120 had decreased virulence, eliciting weight gains, body temperatures,... -
Two clinical isolates of Mycoplasma hyosynoviae showed differing pattern of lameness and pathogen detection in experimentally challenged pigs
Jo?o Carlos Gomes-Neto, Matthew Raymond, Leslie Bower, Alejandro Ramirez, Darin M. Madson, Erin L. Strait, Everett L. Rosey, Vic 대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 8 Pages
대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 2016, 제 17권 제 4호 7 489-496 (8 pages)
Mycoplasma (M.) hyosynoviae is known to colonize and cause disease in growing-finishing pigs. In this study, two clinical isolates of M. hyosynoviae were compared by inoculating cesarean-derived colostrum-deprived and specific-pathogen-free growing pigs. After intranasal or intravenous inoculation, the proportion and distribution pattern of clinical cases was compared in addition to the severity of lameness. Tonsils were found to be the primary site of colonization, while bacteremia was rarely... -
A novel M2e-multiple antigenic peptide providing heterologous protection in mice
Feng Wen, Ji-Hong Ma, Hai Yu, Fu-Ru Yang, Meng Huang, Yan-Jun Zhou, Ze-Jun Li, Xiu-Hui Wang, Guo-Xin Li, Yi-Feng Jiang, Wu Tong, 대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 8 Pages
대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 2016, 제 17권 제 1호 9 71-78 (8 pages)
M2e-MAP conjugated vaccine induced strong antibody responses in mice. Complete protection against the heterologous swine H1N1 virus was observed in mice vaccinated with M2e-MAP combined vaccine. Moreover, this novel peptide confers protection against lethal challenge of A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1). Taken together, our results suggest the combined immunization of reassortant inactivated H3N2 vaccine and the novel M2e-MAP provided cross-protection against swine and human viruses and may serve as a... -
Evaluation of adjuvant effects of fucoidan for improving vaccine efficacy
Su-Yeon Kim, Hong-Gu Joo 대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 6 Pages
대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 2015, 제 16권 제 2호 2 145-150 (6 pages)
Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed, including Fucus vesiculosus. This compound is known to have immunostimulatory effects on various types of immune cells including macrophages and dendritic cells. A recent study described the application of fucoidan as a vaccine adjuvant. Vaccination is regarded as the most efficient prophylactic method for preventing harmful or epidemic diseases. To increase vaccine efficacy, effective adjuvants are needed. In the present study,... -
Dietary germanium biotite supplementation enhances the induction of antibody responses to foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine in pigs
Jin-A Lee, Bock-Gie Jung, Myunghwan Jung, Tae-Hoon Kim, Han Sang Yoo, Bong-Joo Lee* 대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 5 Pages
대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 2014, 제 15권 제 3호 15 443-447 (5 pages)
We evaluated the potential ability of germanium biotite (GB) to stimulate the production of antibodies specific for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). To this aim, we measured the total FMDV-specific antibody responses and IgM production after vaccination against FMD both experimentally and in the field. GB supplementation with FMDV vaccination stimulated the production of anti-FMDV antibodies, and effectively increased IFN-γ and TNF-α levels. These results suggest that GB may be a novel... -
Expression of verocytotoxic Escherichia coli antigens in tobacco seeds and evaluation of gut immunity after oral administration in mouse model
Luciana Rossi, Alessia Di Giancamillo, Serena Reggi, Cinzia Domeneghini, Antonella Baldi, Vittorio Sala, Vittorio Dell'Orto, Ann 대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 8 Pages
대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 2013, 제 14권 제 3호 5 263-270 (8 pages)
Verocytotoxic Escherichia (E.) coli strains are responsible for swine oedema disease, which is an enterotoxaemia that causes economic losses in the pig industry. The production of a vaccine for oral administration in transgenic seeds could be an efficient system to stimulate local immunity. This study was conducted to transform tobacco plants for the seed-specific expression of antigenic proteins from a porcine verocytotoxic E. coli strain. Parameters related to an immunological response and... -
Isolation and genetic characterization of Japanese encephalitis virus from equines in India
Baldev R. Gulati*, Harisankar Singha, Birendra K. Singh, Nitin Virmani, Sanjay Kumar, Raj K. Singh 대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 8 Pages
대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 2012, 제 13권 제 2호 1 111-118 (8 pages)
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an important vector-borne viral disease of humans and horses in Asia. JE outbreaks occur regularly amongst humans in certain parts of India and sporadic cases occur among horses. In this study, JE seroprevalence and evidence of JE virus (JEV) infection among horses in Haryana (India) is described. Antibodies against JEV were detected in 67 out of 637 (10.5%) horses screened between 2006 and 2010. Two foals exhibiting neurological signs were positive for JEV RNA by... -
64-Channel multi-detector row CT angiographic evaluation of the micropigs for potential living donor lung transplantation
Woong Yoon, Jung Min Ryu, Min Young Lee, Yong Ju Moon, Sang Hun Lee, Jae Hong Park, Seung Pil Yun, Min Woo Jang, Sung Su Park, H 대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 5 Pages
대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 2010, 제 11권 제 3호 2 185-189 (5 pages)
Micropigs are the most likely source animals for xenotransplantation. However, an appropriate method for evaluating the lung of micropigs had not been established. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the feasibility of 64-channel multi-detector row computed tomography (MDCT) to measure the diameter of the pulmonary arteries and the lung volume in micropigs. The mean diameters of the trachea, and left and right bronchi were 1.6 ± 0.17, 1.18 ± 0.14, and 1.1 ± 0.11 cm,... -
Multidetector row computed tomography evaluation of the micropig kidney as a potential renal donor
Woong Yoon, Min Young Lee, Jung Min Ryu, Yong Ju Moon, Sang Hun Lee, Jae Hong Park, Seung Pil Yun, Min Woo Jang, Sung Su Park, H 대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 5 Pages
대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 2010, 제 11권 제 1호 2 9-13 (5 pages)
Multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) provides anatomical information about the kidney and other internal organs. Presently, the suitability of 64-channel MDCT to assess the kidney of healthy micropigs was evaluated. Morphological evaluations of the kidney and the major renal vessels of six healthy micropigs were carried out using MDCT, recording kidney volume and the diameter and length of renal arteries and veins. The mean diameters and lengths of the renal artery were 0.44 ± 0.05 and... -
Assessment of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus RNA Load in Sera and Tissues during Acute Infection
Jin-Ho Shin and Thomas W. Molitor 대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 12 Pages
대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 2002, 제 3권 제 2호 4 75-86 (12 pages)
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) RNA load in sera and tissues during acute phase of infection was evaluated using a PCR- based quantitative assay. More than 80% of infected pigs (21/25) showed the peak level of viral RNA concentrations in serum (up to 8.6 x 10(8) copies/ml) at day 5 postinfection (PI), and started to clear the virus from the systemic circulation thereafter. Regression analysis using the viral RNA concentrations in sera obtained from days 5 to 14 PI... -
Preliminary assessment of correlation between T-lymphocyte responses and control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in piglets born after in-utero infection of a type 2 PRRSV
Sang-ho Cha , Carey Bandaranayaka-mudiyanselage , Chandima B. Bandaranayaka-mudiyanselage , Dharani Ajiththos , Kyoung-jin 대한수의학회 Korean Journal of Veterinary Research(구 대한수의학회지) 8 Pages
대한수의학회 Korean Journal of Veterinary Research(구 대한수의학회지) 2018, 제 58권 제 1호 2 9-16 (8 pages)
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브루셀라병 감염소 사체처리 방법별 절차 및 소요비용 비교: 매몰, 재활용, 소각
윤하정, 이지영, 유치호, 김종혁, 문운경, 박지용, 남건욱, 서정향, 이해춘, 김태종, 이상진, 대한수의학회 Korean Journal of Veterinary Research(구 대한수의학회지) 7 Pages
대한수의학회 Korean Journal of Veterinary Research(구 대한수의학회지) 2009, 제 49권 제 2호 6 141-147 (7 pages)
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A quantitative modeling approach to estimate the risks posed by the smuggled animal products contaminated with Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) virus
KiOkHong, GilHongLee, SonIlPak 대한수의학회 Korean Journal of Veterinary Research(구 대한수의학회지) 9 Pages
대한수의학회 Korean Journal of Veterinary Research(구 대한수의학회지) 2005, 제 45권 제 2호 12 223-231 (9 pages)
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TOC 기반 가축분뇨 발생 원단위 산정
이윤희, 김용석, 박지형, 어성욱 한국습지학회 한국습지학회지 7 Pages
한국습지학회 한국습지학회지 2014, Vol.16 No.3 12 403-409 (7 pages)
수질오염총량관리 대상물질로 총 유기탄소(Total Organic Carbon, TOC)항목의 적용을 검토 하고 있는 가운데 이 항목에 대한 가축분뇨의 발생 및 배출 원단위 확보가 시급한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 가축 분뇨 중 수질오염 기여도가 가장 높은 것으로 알려진 양돈 분뇨에 대해 TOC를 포함한 원단위를 산정하였다. 4대강 수계의 56개 농장을 대상으로 수 계별, 사육방식별, 축사의 형태 및 규모별 양돈 분뇨의 농도, 분뇨 발생량(세척수 포함) 및 부하를 산정하였다. 분뇨 발생 량은 한강수계와 낙동강수계에서 모돈 사육이 밀집된... -
돼지분뇨 특성에 따른 기계교반 퇴비화시설의 적정용적 산정 연구
곽정훈, 최동윤, 박치호, 정광화, 김재환, 유용희, 윤창규, 라창식, Kwag. J.H., Choi. D.Y., Park. C.H., Jeong. K.H., Kim. J.H., Yoo. Y.H., Youn. C.K., Ra. C.S. 한국축산시설환경학회 축산시설환경학회지 8 Pages
한국축산시설환경학회 축산시설환경학회지 2008, Vol.14 No.2 105-112 (8 pages)
돼지분뇨 특성에 따른 기계교반 퇴비화시설의 적정용적 산정을 위하여 돈분 및 톱밥에 함유되어 있는 수분투입량과 발효온도, 유기물 분해율 및 수분감소율 등의 변화를 조사하여 적정 용량을 산정하기 위하여 본시험을 실시하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 발효조내 온도는 발효조내 혼합물 투입 후 4일 이상 경과해야 발효온도가 $70^{circ}C$ 이상 유지되었으며, 발효조내 투입되는 혼합물(돈분+톱밥)의 수분함량은 평균 72.9%로 추천치보다 높게 조사되었으나, 적정수분함량 조정은 발효조 27m 지점 즉, 투입후 $5{sim}6$일후에나... -
최적화 생산시스템 모델 개발을 위한 양돈시설의 조사 연구
장동일, 이봉덕, 조한근, 장홍희 한국축산시설환경학회 축산시설환경학회지 11 Pages
한국축산시설환경학회 축산시설환경학회지 1996, Vol.2 No.1 1-11 (11 pages)
본 연구는 사육, 급사, 급수, 번식, 건강 관리, 환기 및 열 관리, 자료 분석 등에 대한 기계화 및 자동화의 현황과 수준을 분석 평가하고, 이를 토대로 양돈 시설의 최적화 생산 시스템 모델 개발의 연구 방향을 설정하기 위하여 수행되었으며 앞으로의 연구 방향을 다음과 같이 설정하였다. 1) 종모돈, 종빈돈, 분만돈은 단사식으로 사육하고, 자돈, 육성돈, 비육돈은 군사식으로 사육하는 것과 돈방 배열은 복열식으로 하는 것을 기준으로 한국형 환경 제어용 스라트 무창돈사를 개발한다. 2) 한국형 환경 제어용 스라트 무창돈사에... -
양돈시설에서 발생하는 악취특성에 관한 연구
김재혁, 유경선, 오제범, 정주영, Kim. Jae Hyuck, Yoo. Kyung Seun, Oh. Je Beom, Jung. Ju Young 대한환경공학회 대한환경공학회지 6 Pages
대한환경공학회 대한환경공학회지 2012, Vol.34 No.7 439-444 (6 pages)
실제운영 중인 40여개 양돈시설을 대상으로 사육밀도, 경영방식, 돈사환기방식, 돈분뇨 처리방식 및 악취저감제 적용특성 등의 관리현황을 파악하고 관능평가 및 악취물질 분석을 통하여 양돈시설에서 발생하는 주요 악취유발물질과 악취발생 특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 양돈시설 악취발생원 중 악취농도(복합악취)는 액비화시설(포기 상태)(평균 4,055배) > 분뇨집수조(평균 913배) > 비육사(평균 506배) > 퇴비화시설(평균 201배) 순으로 조사되었다. 비육사의 경우 슬러리 피트 내부의 돈분뇨 적체높이가 높아질수록,... -
Rapidantigenic detection for European and North American genotype of PRRSV by lateral flow immunochromatographic assay
In Ohk Ouh, Kwang Myun Cheong, Kyung Min Park, Joon Bae Kim, Jung Hwa Kim, Ji Eun Yu, Se Eun Choe, Jienny Lee, Seung min Song, Jae Young 대한수의학회 대한수의학회 학술대회발표집 2 Pages
대한수의학회 대한수의학회 학술대회발표집 추계학술심포지움 213 449-450 (2 pages)
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Bordetella bronchiseptica antigen enhances the production of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigen-specific immunoglobulin G in mice
Seol-Hwa Yim, Tae-Wook Hahn, Hong-Gu Joo 대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 6 Pages
대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 2017, 제 18권 제 3호 9 327-332 (6 pages)
We previously demonstrated that Bordetella (B.) bronchiseptica antigen (Ag) showed high immunostimulatory effects on mouse bone marrow cells (BMs) while Mycoplasma (M.) hyopneumoniae Ag showed low effects. The focus of this study was to determine if B. bronchiseptica Ag can enhance the M. hyopneumoniae Ag-specific immune response and whether the host’s immune system can recognize both Ags. MTT assay results revealed that each or both Ags did not significantly change BM metabolic activity. Flow... -
An overview of calf diarrhea - infectious etiology, diagnosis, and intervention
Yong-il Cho, Kyoung-Jin Yoon* 대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 17 Pages
대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 2014, 제 15권 제 1호 1 1-17 (17 pages)
Calf diarrhea is a commonly reported disease in young animals, and still a major cause of productivity and economic loss to cattle producers worldwide. In the report of the 2007 National Animal Health Monitoring System for U.S. dairy, half of the deaths among unweaned calves was attributed to diarrhea. Multiple pathogens are known or postulated to cause or contribute to calf diarrhea development. Other factors including both the environment and management practices influence disease severity or... -
Emergence of virulent pseudorabies virus infection in Northern China
Rui Wu, Chaoyong Bai, Jinzhong Sun, Shengke Chang, Xuke Zhang 대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 3 Pages
대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 2013, 제 14권 제 3호 17 363-365 (3 pages)
Our investigation was conducted in order to verify a recent severe epidemic at several swine farms in northern China that indicated a newly emerging disease. Evidence confirmed that the epidemic was caused by a virulent Pseudorabies virus infection in swine herds. -
Comparison of bare metal stent and paclitaxel-eluting stent using a novel rat aorta stent model
Jin Sook Kwon, Rho Kwan Park, Tae Jin Shim, Myung Ho Jeong, Myeong Chan Cho, Youngkeun Ahn, Dong-Woon Kim 대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 8 Pages
대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 2011, 제 12권 제 2호 6 143-150 (8 pages)
The purpose of our study was to create a novel rat aorta stent implantation model. Stainless steel bare metal stents (BMS) or paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES) were implanted in male Sprague-Dawley rats (BW 400 ± 20 g). Two and four weeks after stent implantation, the aorta were collected, fixed with 2% glutaraldehyde, and cut into two segments. One segment was used for scanning electron microscopy analysis to evaluate re-endothelialization, and the other segment was used to calculate the... -
신종 인플루엔자 예방을 위한 손 씻기 수행 빈도에 영향을 미치는 요인분석 연구
김주현, 변도화, 김미자, 심선숙, 추현심, 채공주, 곽찬영, 임경춘 한국기초간호학회 Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science 7 Pages
한국기초간호학회 Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science 2011, Vol.13 No.1 3 16-22 (7 pages)
전 세계 질병발생 양상이 각 지역의 정치, 사회, 경제, 그리고 문화적 차이에 따라 아직도 적지 않은 차이를 보이고 있지만, 20세기에는 무엇보다 환경위생의 발달과 더불어 국민들의 개인위생에 대한 관심과 영양개선, 항생제 개발, 예방접종사업 등 다양한 전략으로 인해 전염병 발생이 급격하게 줄었었다. 그러나 21세기에 들어와서 신종 전염병과 재출현 전염병 등이 다시 유행하고 있는데 이는 주로 인구 및 형태학적 변화와 산업기술의 발달, 경제발전에 따른 토지이용 양상의 변화, 빈번해진 국제 간 교류와 인구이동, 그리고...
