자료유형
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- THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL (52)
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Stepwise Ni-silicide Process for Parasitic Resistance Reduction for Silicon/metal Contact Junction
Choi. Hoon, Cho. Il-Whan, Hong. Sang-Jeen 한국전기전자재료학회 Transactions on electrical and electronic materials 6 Pages
한국전기전자재료학회 Transactions on electrical and electronic materials 2008, Vol.9 No.4 137-142 (6 pages)
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Performance Optimization Study of FinFETs Considering Parasitic Capacitance and Resistance
An. TaeYoon, Choe. KyeongKeun, Kwon. Kee-Won, Kim. SoYoung 대한전자공학회 Journal of semiconductor technology and science 12 Pages
대한전자공학회 Journal of semiconductor technology and science 2014, Vol.14 No.5 525-536 (12 pages)
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Separation and Quantification of Parasitic Resistance in Nano-scale Silicon MOSFET
Lee. Jun-Ha, Lee. Hoong-Joo, Song. Young-Jin, Yoon. Young-Sik 대한전기학회 KIEE international transactions on electrophysics and applications 5 Pages
대한전기학회 KIEE international transactions on electrophysics and applications 2005, No.0 49-53 (5 pages)
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Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of Salmonella enterica isolated from pet dogs and cats
Songsak Srisanga, Sunpetch Angkititrakul, Patcharee Sringam, Phuong T. Le Ho, An T. T. Vo, Rungtip Chuanchuen 대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 9 Pages
대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 2017, 제 18권 제 3호 3 273-281 (9 pages)
blaTEM gene in both was horizontally transferred. Of the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes tested, only qnrS (4.9%) was detected. Most Salmonella isolates harbored invA (100%), prgH (91.8%), and sipB (91%). Positive associations between resistance and virulence genes were observed for blaPSE-1/orgA, cmlA/span, tolC, and sul1/tolC (p ＜ 0.05). The results suggest that companion dogs and cats are potential sources of S. enterica strains that carry resistance and virulence genes and that... -
Effects of Salicylic Acid and Indole Acetic Acid Exogenous Applications on Induction of Faba Bean Resistance against Orobanche crenata
Fatima Zahra Briache, Mounia Ennami, Joseph Mbasani-Mansi, Assia Lozzi, Abdelhadi Abousalim, Walid El Rodeny, Moez Amri, Zine El Abidine Triqui, Rachid Mentag 한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 15 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2020, 36권 5호 10 476-490 (15 pages)
The parasitic weed, Orobanche crenata, is one of the most devastating constraint for faba bean production in Mediterranean regions. Plant host defense induction was reported as one of the most appropriate control methods in many crops. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of salicylic acid (SA) and indole acetic acid (IAA) on the induction of faba bean resistance to O. crenata under the field and controlled experimental conditions. Both hormones were tested on two contrasting faba... -
Variation in the Resistance of Japanese Soybean Cultivars to Phytophthora Root and Stem Rot during the Early Plant Growth Stages and the Effects of a Fungicide Seed Treatment
Hajime Akamatsu, Masayasu Kato, Sunao Ochi, Genki Mimuro, Jun-ichi Matsuoka, Mami Takahashi 한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 15 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2019, 35권 3호 4 219-233 (15 pages)
In this study, the disease responses of Japanese soybean cultivars including currently grown main cultivars during the early growth stages were investigated following infections by multiple P. sojae isolates from Japanese fields. The extent of the resistance to 17 P. sojae isolates after inoculations at 14, 21, and 28 days after seeding varied significantly among 18 Japanese and two US soybean cultivars. Moreover, the disease responses of each cultivar differed significantly depending on the P.... -
Resistance Potential of Bread Wheat Genotypes Against Yellow Rust Disease Under Egyptian Climate
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 12 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2015, 31권 4호 9 402-413 (12 pages)
and develop molecular markers associated with the resistance, fifty F;sub>8;/sub> recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between resistant and susceptible bread wheat landraces were obtained. Artificial infection of Puccinia striiformis was performed under greenhouse conditions during two growing seasons and relative resistance index (RRI) was calculated. Two Egyptian bread wheat cultivars i.e. Giza-168 (resistant) and Sakha-69 (susceptible) were also evaluated. RRI values of... -
Screening and Histopathological Characterization of Korean Carrot Lines for Resistance to the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 7 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2014, 30권 1호 9 75-81 (7 pages)
In total, 170 carrot lines developed in Korea were screened for resistance to Meloidogyne incognita race 1 to select parental genetic resources useful for the development of nematode-resistant carrot cultivars. Using the gall index (GI), gall formation was examined on carrot roots inoculated with approximately 1,000 second-stage juveniles of the nematode 7 weeks after inoculation. Sixty-one carrot lines were resistant (GI ≤ 1.0), while the other 109 were susceptible (GI > 1.0) with... -
Research Articles : β-Amino-n-butyric Acid Regulates Seedling Growth and Disease Resistance of Kimchi Cabbage
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 12 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2013, 29권 3호 9 305-316 (12 pages)
germination, mycelial growth and conidation of necrotroph Alternaria brassicicola causing black spot disease and hemibiotroph Colletotrichum higginsianum causing anthracnose. Pretreatment with BABA conferred induced resistance of the kimchi cabbage against challenges by the two different classes of fungal pathogens in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that BABA is involved in plant development, fungal development as well as induced fungal disease resistance of kimchi cabbage plant. -
Examination of Correlations Between Several Biochemical Components and Powdery Mildew Resistance of Flax Cultivars
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 7 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2012, 28권 2호 3 149-155 (7 pages)
to examine correlations between some biochemical componets and powdery mildews (PMs) resistance in flax cultivars. Nine flax cultivars could be divided into five distinct groups, i.e., highly susceptible (Cortland and C.I. 2008), moderately susceptible (Giza 7, and Marshall), moderately resistant (Cass), resistant (Koto, Dakota and Wilden), and highly resistant (Ottowa 770B). The cultivars showed considerable variation in PM severity ranged from 8.05 on Ottowa 770B to 97.02% on Cortland. Total... -
Biocontrol of Potato White Mold Using Coniothyrium minitans and Resistance of Potato Cultivars to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 7 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2010, 26권 4호 7 346-352 (7 pages)
conducted in Bahar and Lalehjin, Hamadan, Iran to assess the biocontrol efficacy of Coniothyrium minitans Campbell against potato white mold caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary under field and greenhouse conditions. In addition, the resistance of common potato cultivars against S. sclerotiorum was determined in a greenhouse experiment. After straw inoculation of six potato cultivars (Pashandi, Istambouli, Agria, Marfauna, Alpha and Spartaan) with S. sclerotiorum, the least disease... -
Evaluation on Red Pepper Germplasm lines (Capsicum spp.) for Resistance to Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum acutaum
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 7 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2010, 26권 3호 12 273-279 (7 pages)
resistance against C. acutatum. On mature fruits of pepper, one hundred ninety eight accessions were infected with C. acutatum at 21 days after inoculation. Twenty one accessions showed a resistance reaction against C. acutatum. The results of this work indicated that all of resistance accessions to C. acutatum were have a genetic potential for the resources of resistance can be further used in pepper breeding programme against anthracnose and also demand more detailed investigation in this. -
Differential Subcellular Responses in Resistance Soybeans Infected with Soybean Cyst Nematode Races
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 5 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2010, 26권 2호 8 154-158 (5 pages)
these structural modifications indicate the inhibition of initial syncytial development related to the early nematode development. As soybean cultivars and lines with identical or similar genotypes have the same types of structural features related to SCN-resistance, the structural modifications induced by SCN infection may result from the expression of inheritable resistance genes, of which the information can be used for breeding soybean cultivars and lines specifically resistant to SCN races. -
Biological and Structural Mechanisms of Disease Development and Resistance in Chili Pepper Infected with the Root-knot Nematode
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 5 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2010, 26권 2호 7 149-153 (5 pages)
accelerate their early degeneration. Although the nematode penetration was retarded significantly in the resistant cultivar/lines, all of the above results suggest that the disease resistance of pepper may be related to post-infectional defense mechanisms (nematode growth and development) more than pre-infectional ones (penetration and establishment). Variations in structural modifications in the resistant cultivar/lines may reflect their genetic differences related to the nematode resistance. -
Survey of Egg- and Cyst-parasitic Fungi of Potato Cyst Nematode in Indonesia
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 5 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2010, 26권 1호 5 32-36 (5 pages)
out of 123 isolates obtained from cysts and soils of potato cyst nematode (PCN)-infested fields in Central Java, Indonesia had parasitic abilities of over 50% on PCN eggs or females (cysts) in vitro pathogenicity tests. Cultural and morphological characters and DNA sequences of ribosomal genes in ITS region revealed that they were four isolates of Gliocladium (Trichoderma) virens, three isolates of Fusarium oxysporum, one of F. lateritium, one of Penicillium tritinum and two of Taralomyces spp.... -
Survey of Fungicide Resistance for Chemical Control of Botrytis cinerea on Paprika
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 6 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2008, 24권 4호 11 447-452 (6 pages)
Four hundred and sixty six isolates of B. cinerea were obtained from infected leaves, stems and fruits of paprika grown in greenhouses or plastic film houses in Gangwon province, Korea, between August and November in 2006 and 2007. These isolates were classified into five representative phenotypes of resistant (R) and sensitive (S) reactions as SSR, SRR, RSS, RRS and RSR according to the responses of isolates against benzimidazole, dicarboximide and N-phenylcarbamate fungicide in order. The... -
Molecular Mechanisms of Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor Resistance in Phytopathogenic Fungi
Hyunkyu Sang, Hyang Burm Lee 한국식물병리학회 식물병연구 7 Pages
한국식물병리학회 식물병연구 2020, 26권 1호 1 1-7 (7 pages)
standing the molecular mechanisms of fungicide resistance is important for effective prevention and resis- tance management strategies. Two different mechanisms have currently been known in SDHI resistance. The SDHI target genes, SdhB, SdhC, and SdhD, mutation(s) confer resistance to SDHIs. In addition, overexpression of ABC transporters is involved in reduced sensitivity to SDHI fungicides. In this review, the current status of SDHI resistance mechanisms in phytopathogenic fungi is discussed. -
Avalanche Hot Source Method for Separated Extraction of Parasitic Source and Drain Resistances in Single Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors
Baek. Seok-Cheon, Bae. Hag-Youl, Kim. Dae-Hwan, Kim. Dong-Myong 대한전자공학회 Journal of semiconductor technology and science 7 Pages
대한전자공학회 Journal of semiconductor technology and science 2012, Vol.12 No.1 46-52 (7 pages)
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Evaluation of Lettuce Germplasm Resistance to Gray Mold Disease for Organic Cultivations
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 6 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2014, 30권 1호 11 90-95 (6 pages)
This study was conducted to evaluate the resistance of 212 accessions of lettuce germplasm to gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea. The lettuce germplasm were composed of five species: Lactuca sativa (193 accessions), L. sativa var. longifolia (2 accessions), L. sativa var. crispa (2 accessions), L. saligna (2 accessions), and L. serriola (1 accession); majority of these originated from Korea, Netherlands, USA, Russia, and Bulgaria. After 35 days of spray inoculation with conidial... -
Molecular Characterization of Avibacterium paragallinarum, the Causative Agent of Infectious Coryzain South Korea
Ok Mi Jeong, Byung Woo Jeon, Byung Kook Choi, Chun Tae Lim, So Youn Youn, You Chan Bae, Suk Chan Jung, Min Su Kang 대한수의학회 대한수의학회 학술대회발표집 2 Pages
대한수의학회 대한수의학회 학술대회발표집 추계학술심포지움 246 469-470 (2 pages)
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Evaluation of endoscopically obtained duodenal biopsy samples from cats and dogs in an adapter-modified Ussing chamber
Isabelle Ruhnke*, John V. DeBiasio, Jan S. Suchodolski, Shelley Newman, Mark W. Musch, Jörg M. Steiner 대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 11 Pages
대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 2014, 제 15권 제 2호 17 297-307 (11 pages)
This study was conducted to evaluate an adapter-modified Ussing chamber for assessment of transport physiology in endoscopically obtained duodenal biopsies from healthy cats and dogs, as well as dogs with chronic enteropathies. 17 duodenal biopsies from five cats and 51 duodenal biopsies from 13 dogs were obtained. Samples were transferred into an adapter-modified Ussing chamber and sequentially exposed to various absorbagogues and secretagogues. Overall, 78.6% of duodenal samples obtained from... -
An overview of calf diarrhea - infectious etiology, diagnosis, and intervention
Yong-il Cho, Kyoung-Jin Yoon* 대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 17 Pages
대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 2014, 제 15권 제 1호 1 1-17 (17 pages)
Calf diarrhea is a commonly reported disease in young animals, and still a major cause of productivity and economic loss to cattle producers worldwide. In the report of the 2007 National Animal Health Monitoring System for U.S. dairy, half of the deaths among unweaned calves was attributed to diarrhea. Multiple pathogens are known or postulated to cause or contribute to calf diarrhea development. Other factors including both the environment and management practices influence disease severity or... -
Cloning and characterization of a selenium-independent glutathione peroxidase (HC29) from adult Haemonchus contortus
Wei Sun, Xiaokai Song, Ruofeng Yan, Lixin Xu, Xiangrui Li* 대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 10 Pages
대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 2012, 제 13권 제 1호 8 49-58 (10 pages)
The complete coding sequence of Haemonchus (H.) contortus HC29 cDNA was generated by rapid amplification of cDNA ends in combination with PCR using primers targeting the 5´- and 3´-ends of the partial mRNA sequence. The cloned HC29 cDNA was shown to be 1,113 bp in size with an open reading frame of 507 bp, encoding a protein of 168 amino acid with a calculated molecular mass of 18.9 kDa. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that the cloned HC29 cDNA contained the conserved catalytic triad and... -
Evaluation of glycoproteins purified from adult and larval camel ticks (Hyalomma dromedarii) as a candidate vaccine
Amr E. El Hakim, Yasser E. Shahein*, Sobhy Abdel-Shafy, Amira M. K. Abouelella, Ragaa R. Hamed 대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 7 Pages
대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 2011, 제 12권 제 3호 7 243-249 (7 pages)
In order to identify antigens that can help prevent camel tick infestations, three major glycoproteins (GLPs) about 97, 66 and 40 kDa in size were purified from adult and larval Egyptian ticks, Hyalomma (H.) dromedarii, using a single-step purification method with Con-A sepharose. The purified GLPs were evaluated as vaccines against camel tick infestation in rabbits. The rabbits received three intramuscular inoculations of GLPs (20 mg/animal) on days 0, 14, and 28. In the immunoblot analysis,... -
Purification and characterization of two larval glycoproteins from the cattle tick, Boophilus annulatus
Amr E. El Hakim, Yasser E. Shahein, Amira M. K. Abouelella, Mohamed E. Selim 대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 6 Pages
대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 2007, 제 8권 제 2호 12 175-180 (6 pages)
The present study was conducted to identify new target immunogenic molecules from the larval stage of the cattle tick, Boophilus annulatus (Acari: Ixodidae). Two specific larval glycoproteins (GLPs) were isolated by two-step affinity chromatography. The larval immunogens were first purified with CNBr-Sepharose coupled to rabbit anti-larval immunoglobulins, and the glycoproteins were then purified with Con-A Sepharose. These glycoproteins have molecular weights of approximately 32 and 15 kDa with... -
Serum interferon-gamma and interleukins-6 and -8 during infection with Fasciola gigantica in cattle and buffaloes
Elizabeth C. Molina 대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 5 Pages
대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 2005, 제 6권 제 2호 7 135-139 (5 pages)
This study investigated the presence of cytokines interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukins (IL) -6 and -8 in serum of cattle and buffaloes infected with Fasciola gigantica from one to 16 weeks post-infection to determine their T cell response during infection. The concentration of these cytokines was determined by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). No IFN-gamma was detected in these animals while IL-6 was elevated from one to 16 weeks postinfection. Levels of IL-8 were also elevated... -
Application of biotechnological tools for coccidia vaccine development
Wongi Min, Rami A. Dalloul, Hyun S. Lillehoj 대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 10 Pages
대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 2004, 제 5권 제 4호 1 279-288 (10 pages)
in the development of a practical and effective control strategy against Eimeria and design of nutritional interventions to maximize growth under the stress caused by vaccination or infection. Furthermore, successful identification of quantitative economic traits associated with disease resistance to coccidiosis will provide poultry breeders with a novel selection strategy for development of genetically stable, coccidiosis-resistant chickens, thereby increasing the production efficiency. -
A comparative study of gastrointestinal parasites between ranched and free ranging Burchell's zebra (Equus burchelli antiquorum) in Isiolo district, Kenya
Elizabeth N. Wambwa, W.O. Ogara, Dennis Mudakha 대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 6 Pages
대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 2004, 제 5권 제 3호 5 215-220 (6 pages)
Parasites were collected from 20 Burchell’s zebra, Equus burchelli antiquorum, from Isiolo district, Kenya. 10 were ranched animals from the Lewa Downs Ranch and 10 free ranging from the areas adjacent to the ranch to the north. The animals were culled from 4th to 18th June 1995. The gastrointestinal tract was removed from the carcass and separated as stomach, small and large intestines and searched for parasites. The abdominal cavity was scrutinized for Setaria species. The parasites were... -
Effect of ultraviolet radiation on the hatchability and survival of eggs and larvae of sheep nematode
Isaiah Oluwafemi Ademola and Janet Ayobami Ademola 대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 4 Pages
대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 2004, 제 5권 제 1호 8 59-62 (4 pages)
The hatchability of sheep gastrointestinal nematode eggs exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and the activity of the hatched larvae were examined. Hatchability decreased with increasing exposure to radiation. The difference in hatchabilityof eggs irradiated for 15,30 and 60 minutes were highly significant (p < 0.01 dα = 3.07, 3.24 and 3.75) compared with the hatchability of the nonirradiated eggs. The life span of irradiated larvae was shortened, only 20% of those expose to UV... -
Case Report : Isolation and identification of Vibrio harveyi from chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus)
Young-ran Lee , Jin-woo Jun , Sib Sankar Giri , Hyoun-joong Kim , Sae-kil Yun , Cheng Chi , Sang-guen Kim , Jeong-rack K 대한수의학회 Korean Journal of Veterinary Research(구 대한수의학회지) 2 Pages
대한수의학회 Korean Journal of Veterinary Research(구 대한수의학회지) 2016, 제 56권 제 1호 8 45-46 (2 pages)
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Avian malaria associated with Plasmodium spp. infection in a penguin in Jeju Island
KyeongNamKo, SangChulKang, JiYoulJung, JongHeeBae, JaeHoonKim 대한수의학회 Korean Journal of Veterinary Research(구 대한수의학회지) 5 Pages
대한수의학회 Korean Journal of Veterinary Research(구 대한수의학회지) 2008, 제 48권 제 2호 11 197-201 (5 pages)
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Proteomic Analysis of Colonic Mucosal Tissue from Tuberculous and Ulcerative Colitis Patients
Seong-ChunKwon, KyungJongWon, SeoungHyoJung, KangPaLee, Dong-YoubLee, Eun-SeokPark, BokyungKim, GabJinCheon, KoonHeeHan 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 6 Pages
대한생리학회-대한약리학회 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 2012, Vol.16 No.3 7 193-198 (6 pages)
Changes in the expression profiles of specific proteins leads to serious human diseases, including colitis. The proteomic changes related to colitis and the differential expression between tuberculous (TC) and ulcerative colitis (UC) in colon tissue from colitis patients has not been defined. We therefore performed a proteomic analysis of human TC and UC mucosal tissue. Total protein was obtained from the colon mucosal tissue of normal, TC, and UC patients, and resolved by 2-dimensional... -
The Effect of Dehydroepiandrosterone on Isoproterenol-induced Cardiomyopathy in Rats
JiHoonJeong, ChanWoongKim, SungHyukYim, YongKyooShin, KyungWhaPark, EonSubPark 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 6 Pages
대한생리학회-대한약리학회 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 2006, Vol.10 No.2 4 79-84 (6 pages)
We evaluated therapeutic and preventive properties of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a weak androgenic steroid, against isoproterenol-induced cardiomyopathy. The cardiomyopathy was induced by daily i.p. administration of isoproterenol to rats for five days. One group of rats were given with daily s.c. for 5 days during isoproterenol and the other group with daily s.c. DHEA for total 10 days, including 5 days before and during isoproterenol. The animals were killed after each treatment, and... -
A Review of the Potency of Plant Extracts and Compounds from Key Families as an Alternative to Synthetic Nematicides: History, Efficacy, and Current Developments
Abraham Okki Mwamula, Md. Faisal Kabir, DongWoon Lee 한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 25 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2022, 38권 2호 1 53-77 (25 pages)
The global nematicides market is expected to continue growing. With an increasing demand for synthetic chemical-free organic foods, botanical nematicides are taking the lead as replacements. Consequently, in the recent years, there have been vigorous efforts towards identification of the active secondary metabolites from various plants. These include mostly glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products such as isothiocyanates; flavonoids, alkaloids, limonoids, quassinoids, saponins, and the more... -
Characteristics of the Infection of Tilletia laevis K?hn (syn. Tilletia foetida (Wallr.) Liro.) in Compatible Wheat
Zhaoyu Ren, Wei Zhang, Mengke Wang, Haifeng Gao, Huimin Shen, Chunping Wang, Taiguo Liu, Wanquan Chen, Li Gao 한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 9 Pages
한국식물병리학회 The Plant Pathology Journal 2021, 37권 5호 3 437-445 (9 pages)
and also thickening of the cell wall of mesophyll cells in leaf tissue. What’s more, T. laevis teliospores were found in the roots, stems, flag leaves, and glumes of infected wheat plants instead of just in the ovaries, as previously reported. The abnormal characteristics caused by T. laevis may be used for early detection of this pathogen instead of molecular markers in addition to providing theoretical insights into T. laevis and wheat interactions for breed- ing of common bunt resistance.
