Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the most common malignancies in Korea. Despite of recent advances in diagnostic and surgical technics, early diagnosis of HCC is difficult and chance of surgical resection is still very low because of the multiplicity of tumors and associated liver cirrhosis. Transarterial chemoembolization(TAE) is a proven effective mean of treating HCC whether it is operable or not. The authors analyzed the survival data from 193 patients of HCC who were diagnosed and had undergone TAE in Seoul national University Hospital from February 1987 to January 1988. Methods of TAE were the infusion of mixture of Lipiodol and Adriamycin with or without following administration of Gelfoam soaked in Mitomycin C. One year survival rate of all 193 cases was 53%. One year survival rate was affected by the presence and the degree of arteriovenous(AV) fistula as well as Child class, stage of the disease and degree of arteriovenous(AV) fistula as well as Child class, s age of the disease and degree of portal vein involvement. One year survival rte was 55.9% for Child class A, 46.9% for class B, 35% for class C, and 58.4% for stage I, 46.9% for stage II, and 38.9% for stage III. Patients who had the involvement of main portal vein revealed one year survival rate of 30.6%, whereas 44.1% for the patients who had the involvement of first order branch and 60.5% for the patients who had no involvement of portal vein or involvement was noted in smaller branches. Patients who had AV fistula of grade(┼┼) ahd one year survival rate of 18.5%, 27.6% for (┼) group, and 60.1% for(-)group. Patients who had undergone Gelfoam embolization after the infusion of Lipiodol-Adriamycin mixture had one year survival rate of 57.3% whereas who had not undergone gelfoam embolization revealed one year survival rate of 47 %. These results suggest that TAE is a very effective mean of treating HCC and the presence of AV firstula is one on the poor prognostic factors of HCC. A though this study lacks comparison between the same clinical groups, it is suggested that Gelfoam embolization after the infusion of Lipiodol-Adriamycin mixture may improve the prognosis of the patients.