Hectorite was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and its physicochemical properties have been investigated in terms of temperature, pH, and organic agent to observe the change of doll basal spacing. The IR, CEC, MB, swelling volume and specific surface area of the hectorite were measured for the characterization. The solid/liquid ratio of hectorite to distilled water before mixing with other materials was also determined for its use as a multi-functional material. The $d_{001}$ basal spacing decreased from $12.63;AA$ at room temperature to $10.19;AA$ at $650^{circ}C$ in the heating tests. As the pH of hectorite slurry increased. the $d_{001}$ basal spacing decreased. reaching the lowest value of $13.33;AA$ at pH 7 and afterward, increased. All the fool basal spacings of the hectorite increased when it was intercalated with the following solvents: $12.86;AA$ in diethyl ether, $13.31;AA$ in acetonitrile. $13.59;AA$ in methanol, $14.05;AA$ in ethanol, $15.69;AA$ in acetone, and $17.42;AA$ in ethylene glycol. Our IR analysis results were in good agreement with those of other researchers. The CEC, MB, swelling volume and specific surface area of hectorite were determined to be 105 cmol/kg, 80 cmol/kg, $68sim74ml/2g$ and $213m^{2}/g$, respectively. Also, the hectorite to distilled water ratio of 2 to 100 was found to be most favorable for mixing with other materials such as the solvents mentioned above.