Hansan ramie fibers were irradiated with an electron beam to improve the interfacial bonding in the manufacture of composites. The effect of electron beam irradiation was examined by SEM, chemical component analysis and the mechanical properties. The impurities on the surface of ramie and lignin were removed by electron beam irradiation, which increased the tensile strength of the ramie fibers. However, the excessive electron beam energy caused the degradation of ramie fibers, due probably to the reduced ${alpha}$-cellulose. The reduction of ${alpha}$-cellulose indicates the degradation of the cellulose chain, which usually leads to a decrease in fiber strength.