This study is experimentally investigated whether or not a relationship exists between the mechanical properties and damping capacity of cold-rolled 316 L stainless steel. Deformation-induced martensite was formed with surface relief and directionality. With the increasing degree of deformation, the volume fraction of ${varepsilon}$-martensite increased, and then decreased, while ${alpha}^{prime}$-martensite increased rapidly. With an increasing degree of deformation, tensile strength was increased, and elongation was decreased; however, damping capacity was increased, and then decreased. Tensile strength and elongation were affected in the ${alpha}^{prime}$-martensite; hence, damping capacity was influenced greatly by ${varepsilon}$-martensite. Thus, there was no proportional relationship between strength, elongation, and damping capacity.