From the perspective of sociology of education, this study attempts to explore the
significance and implications of health inequalities in children and adolescents. Through a
theoretical review, it first investigates definitions and indicators of health inequalities in children
and adolescents. Next, it analyzes key factors influencing on them. And then, it discusses issues
and implications in relation to the field of sociology of education
Main results of theoretical research are as follows. First, it is generally accepted that poor
health in children and adolescent are highly associated with low socio-economic family
backgrounds and linked to lower educational attainment, poor adult health and lower social
status. In other words, it is pointed that this could work as a vicious circle of poverty.
Secondly, it is highlighted that expanding healthcare policy and related medical services for
both children from low-income families and their parents can reduce inequalities in health as
well as in educational attainment. In addition, it is also pointed that, with the appropriate
interventions, schools can contribute to overcome students’ learning difficulties and furthermore,
educational gaps caused by health problems. Finally, it is discussed that critical issues such as
educational gaps, intergenerational inequality and effective educational interventions in the field
of sociology of education are deeply connected with health inequalities in children and
adolescents.