In this article, the ideology and issue regarding the 1st to 5th stages of academic
ability we reexamined during the post war period of Japan. Also, along with PISA
which started from the 21st century and PISA-style academic ability accordingly,
abilities and qualifications that new notion of academic ability that is based on 21st
century key-competency which has been discussed since 2013 pursuits were
discussed and we inspected what this implicates to our education. In Japan, the
academic ability disputes which went through five times were developed around
empirical educational perspective, intellectualistic educational perspective, humanistic
educational perspective, attitude-centered educational perspective and definite
educational perspective. Along with this, Japan seeks new educational perspective
that is based on establishment of key-competency of 21st century, starting from
PISA-style academic ability.