Purpose: There are few studies which reported the survival rates of the specific dental implant systems in the Korean population with the follow-up periods longer than 5 years. The aim of this study is to evaluate long term implant cumulative survival rate and marginal bone resorption according to the diameter and position of Brånemark machined surfaced implant for posterior tooth replacement. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of patients was received Brånemark machined surface implants placement between January 1999 and March 2001 at Samsung Medical Center was conducted. Personal patient information such as sex, age and information of implant such as implant placement site, surgical procedures, observation period of implant were obtained on the basis of patient medical record. Survival rate and marginal bone resorption according to the diameter and position of Brånemark machined surface implant for mandible and maxilla posterior tooth replacement were analyzed depending on the basis of medical record and X-ray film. Results: 1. Among the 1,000 implants, 64 implants failed that resulted in a cumulative survival rate of 92% (Mx.: 319/90.4%, Mn.: 681/93.6%). 2. No Statistically significant difference in implant survival was found in relation to anatomic location, bone quality and implant dimension. 3. Mean marginal bone resorption was 1.83 mm. 4. No significant difference in marginal bone resorption was found in relation to the following factors: implant length, diameter and placement location and bone quality. Conclusion: The Brånemark machined surface implant system is a safe and predictable method for restoring edentulous patients, as demonstrated by this 10-year follow-up investigation. (JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF IMPLANT DENTISTRY 2011;30(2):93-103)