Amiloride is a potassium sparing duretic which specifically inhibits Na+ channels. In the present study, we investigated the possible interaction of amiloride with A1 adenosine receptors-adenylyl cyclase system in crude adipocytic plasma membrane fractions prepared from Sprague-Dawley rats. When the function of Gi protein (inhibitory guanine nucleotide binding protein) was assessed by determining the effects of GTP on isoproterenol-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity, the inhibitory effect of high concentrations of GTP was not observed in the presence of amiloride. In contrast, the adenosine receptor-mediated inhibition of the enzyme activity, as determined empolying 2-chloroadenosine, was either unchanged or even more enhanced by amiloride depending on the concentrations of 2-chloroadenosine. Thus, it appears that GTP- and receptor-mediated inhibitory function of G_{i} proteins can be separated from one another. Receptor-mediated function of G_{s} protein did not appear to be significantly affected by amiloride, since the inhibition of isoproterenol-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity by propranolol under the same conditions was not significantly altered by amiloride. The enhancement of 2-chloroadenosine-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase by amiloride was maintained in the presence of 150 mM NaCl. In summary, these results suggest that amiloride interacts both with A1 adenosine receptors and with Gi proteins in adipocytic membranes. Its binding to the A1 adenosine receptors appears to facilitate the coupling of the receptors with Gi proteins thereby enhancing the inhibition of isoproterenol-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity by A1 adenosine agonist, and the direct interaction with Gi proteins appears to remove the GTP-dependent inhibitory effect on adenylyl cyclase activity.