교육포부 형성에서 시간지향성(time perspective)의 영향 ― 문화자본과 의미 있는 타자를 도구변수로 사용한 인과관계 분석 ―

김경년

서지반출

국문초록

본 연구의 목적은 서울시 소재 중학교 3학년 학생들을 대상으로 시간지향성이 교육포부 형성에 미치는 인과관계를 고찰하는데 있다. 본 연구에서는 두 변수의 원인과 결과로서 위 치를 설정하는 데 있어서 역의 인과관계의 가능성 및 두 변수의 관계가 생략된 허위변수에 의한 관계임을 방지하기 위하여 도구변수 방법을 적용하였다. 도구변수로는 독서취향과 의 미 있는 교사의 존재를 설정하였으며 이론적인 검토 및 일련의 통계적인 검증 절차를 통해 두 도구변수가 시간지향성에 대한 적절하고 유효한 도구변수임을 보였다. 이러한 도구변수 를 사용하여 시간지향성과 교육포부 사이에 인과적인 관계가 존재함을 증명하였고 교육포부 형성에 있어서 시간지향성이 강한 영향을 주고 있음을 보였다. 이러한 본 연구의 결과와 선 행연구에서 제시한 시간지향성이 성인기로 진입 전까지 가변적임을 제시하는 연구결과를 종 합하면 학생들에 대한 시간지향성 훈련을 통해 장래에 대한 희망 및 포부를 변화시켜 사회 이동의 가능성을 높일 수 있음을 시사하고 있다. 또한 시간지향성은 사회구조와 인간의 행 위를 통합시키는 Bourdieu의 아비투스 개념에서 사회계층의 행위 양식을 구별 짓는 주형에 해당할 수 있다. 특히 시간지향성의 측정 문항에서 보듯이 숙제, 공부, 놀이와 같은 행동을 통해 시간지향성이 학교라는 장(field)에서 더욱 가치와 정통성이 인정된다는 것은 학생들의 시간지향성 분포 및 시간지향적 행동에 대한 교육사회학적 연구의 필요성을 제시해 주고 있 다. 또한 본 연구의 결과는 현재 회자되고 있는 행복교육에 대해서도 시사점을 제공하고 있 다. 자칫 현재지향적인 행복추구가 행복교육의 목표로 학생들에게 인식된다면 현재의 즐거 움만 추구하고 장래를 생각하지 않아 학생들의 교육포부를 줄이는 역할을 할 수 있어 행복 교육도 진로설계와 같은 미래지향적인 시간관 형성에 기반을 둘 필요가 있음을 시사한다.

영문초록

This study investigated the causal effects of time perspective on educational aspirations using middle school 3rd grade students in Seoul. This study applied instrumental variable method to prevent reverse causality and spurious relationship. For the instrumental variables, we used whether students have reading habit and significant teachers. Study results showed that instruments are relevant and valid. This study has revealed causal relationship between time perspective and educational aspirations. Combining results of this and previous studies, showing that time perspective is plastic by age 20 and trainable, signifies that training time perspective promotes social mobility. Further, this study signifies that students' current happiness should go along with their career building.

키워드

시간지향성 교육포부 인과관계 도구변수 time perspective educational aspirations causal relationship instrumental variable

참고문헌 (58건)

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