Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between depression and health status, physical function, and social support of elders in rural areas. Methods: The participants in this study were 146 older people, 65 or older living in agricultural areas. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Depression was high among the elderly group who had low monthly income, no regular exercise, and poor sleeping patterns. Depression was also high among the elderly group who were forgetful, had no independent IADL, no social or leisure activities, and low social support. The factors influencing depression in the elders were sleeping pattern, forgetfulness, IADL, social gatherings, number of friends, and social support. Conclusion: Results indicate that depression in elders in rural areas is related to various factors. Therefore various practical approaches are needed as nursing interventions to manage depression in this population. Total professional intervention programs for the elderly are also needed to prevent and for early detection of depression in elders, programs such as community health programs and social and psychological programs designed to enhance the self-esteem of rural elders.