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Frequency Domain Subspace Identification of Commensurate Fractional Order Input Time Delay Systems
Li. Wang, Peng. Cheng, Wang. Yong 제어로봇시스템학회 International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems 7 Pages
제어로봇시스템학회 International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems 2011, Vol.9 No.2 310-316 (7 pages)
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A Novel Prototype of Duty Cycle Controlled Soft-Switching Half-Bridge DC-DC Converter with Input DC Rail Active Quasi Resonant Snubbers Assisted by High Frequency Planar Transformer
Fathy. Khairy, Morimoto. Keiki, Suh. Ki-Young, Kwon. Soon-Kurl, Nakaoka. Mutsuo 대한전기학회 Journal of electrical engineering & technology 9 Pages
대한전기학회 Journal of electrical engineering & technology 2007, Vol.2 No.1 89-97 (9 pages)
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Evidence for Excitatory Input to Ventral Spinocerebellar Tract Neurons Mediated by Motoneuron Collaterals
Kim, Jong-Hwan, Shim, Dae-Moo 대한생리학회 대한생리학회지 70 Pages
대한생리학회 대한생리학회지 1996, 제 30권 제 1호 12 117-186 (70 pages)
This study evaluated the hypothesis that motoneuron collaterals modulate the excitability of ventral spinocerebellar tract neurons. In acute cats, 128 ventral cerebellar tract cells were studied extracellularly to determine the effects of ventral root stimuli. The majority of the cells responded to ventral root stimulation with either short or long latency increases in spike discharge. In many cells with sufficient spontaneous activity ventral root stimulation also evoked a long lasting... -
Influence of Upper Frequency Boundary on Consonant Perception in Normal Hearing and Cochlear Implant Adults
Son-A Chang, Min-Hyun Park, Seung-Ha Oh, Kyung-Min Lee 한국청각언어재활학회 Audiology and Speech Research 8 Pages
한국청각언어재활학회 Audiology and Speech Research 2017, 제 13권 제 3호 5 231-238 (8 pages)
(NH) and 3 CI adults with 9 low-pass filtering frequency conditions. Results: Both groups showed decreased correction scores as cut-off frequency getting lower. CI subjects scored twice errors to NH subjects across frequency conditions. The cut-off frequency of 1,500 Hz brought a significant decrease of consonant recognition. Consonants in VCV syllable recognized better than VC and CV syllable in both groups. Fricatives and affricates in the manner of articulation and alveolar and palatal in the... -
주파수 미세구조(frequency fine structure)에서 대측 억제 전후의 변조이음향방사 측정
김지연, 심현용, 김진숙, 남의철 한국청각언어재활학회 Audiology and Speech Research 12 Pages
한국청각언어재활학회 Audiology and Speech Research 2012, 제 8권 제 2호 4 165-176 (12 pages)
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The effects of input-enhanced and output-enhanced grammar instruction on the learning of English verb tenses and relative clauses
Hwang, Hee Jeong 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 교과교육학연구 31 Pages
이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 교과교육학연구 2014, 제 18권 3호 13 775-805 (31 pages)
The present study investigated whether different types of form-focused instruction, input-enhanced or output-enhanced, might be effective in improving low-proficiency learners' English knowledge about specific linguistic forms. The participants were 111 first-year Korean university students enrolled in an English conversation course. They were assigned to three groups; 35 students in the input-enhanced group (TIE), 33 in the output-enhanced group (DICT), and 45 in the control group (CG). English... -
Control of a Single Phase Unified Power Quality Conditioner-Distributed Generation Based Input Output feedback Linearization
Mokhtarpour. A., Shayanfar. H.A., Bathaee. M., Banaei. M.R. 대한전기학회 Journal of electrical engineering & technology 13 Pages
대한전기학회 Journal of electrical engineering & technology 2013, Vol.8 No.6 1352-1364 (13 pages)
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DC Rail Side Series Switch and Parallel Capacitor Snubber-Assisted Edge Resonant Soft-Switching PWM DC-DC Converter with High-Frequency Transformer Link
Morimoto. Keiki, Fathy. Khairy, Ogiwara. Hiroyuki, Lee. Hyun-Woo, Nakaoka. Mutsuo 전력전자학회 Journal of power electronics : JPE 10 Pages
전력전자학회 Journal of power electronics : JPE 2007, Vol.7 No.3 181-190 (10 pages)
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Effects of foot pressure using the elastic band with rings during sit-to-stand in persons with stroke
Young-In Hwang, Ki-Song Kim 물리치료재활과학회 Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science 5 Pages
물리치료재활과학회 Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science 2017, 제 6권 제 4호 1 159-163 (5 pages)
Objective: Persons with stroke have a tendency to exhibit asymmetric weight-bearing during sit-to-stand because due to the attempt to support themselves with the non-paretic foot. However, there are few devices that can assist with sit-to-stand (STS) performance. This study was designed to investigate the use of the elastic band with rings (EBR) in improving weight-bearing effectively in persons with stroke during STS training. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Thirteen stroke survivors... -
Effect of light touch on body sway during a stable posture with blocked visual information
Jong-Gun Kim, Jin-Hong Kim, Kwang-Sun Do, Jong-eun Yim 물리치료재활과학회 Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science 5 Pages
물리치료재활과학회 Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science 2016, 제 5권 제 3호 5 138-142 (5 pages)
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate how light touch with a finger affects balance ability when a posture is maintained in the condition of visual information blockage and to provide a fundamental material for developing balance ability in the process of rehabilitation treatment. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The study subjects were 17 healthy men and women in their twenties and thirties who were studying at S University in Seoul. The system was comprised of an... -
Home exercise program adherence strategies in vestibular rehabilitation
Shilpa B. Gaikwad, Tatri Mukherjee, Parita V. Shah, Oluwaseun I. Ambode, Eric G. Johnson, Noha S. Daher 물리치료재활과학회 Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science 10 Pages
물리치료재활과학회 Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science 2016, 제 5권 제 2호 1 53-62 (10 pages)
Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to investigate for effective strategies to improve home exercise program (HEP) adherence in vestibular rehabilitation (VR). Design: Systematic review. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to identify effective strategies used to improve HEP adherence of patients in VR. Six databases, Academic Search Premier, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PUBMED, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched from their inception to December 31, 2015. The keywords... -
The comparison of muscle activity according to various conditions during smartphone use in healthy adults
You Lim Kim, Jae-hyun Yoo, Sin-woo Kang, Tae-rim Kim, Nam-yeol Kim, So-jeong Hong, Won-jeong Hwang, Suk Min Lee 물리치료재활과학회 Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science 7 Pages
물리치료재활과학회 Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science 2016, 제 5권 제 1호 3 15-21 (7 pages)
Objective: The purpose of this study was to see the changes in muscle activity of the upper limb in persons using a smartphone. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: An experiment was conducted to target 15 right-handed university students. Experiments were carried out for students using cell phones for more than a year. In this study, experiments were carried out with one-handed and both handed operation of smartphone use in a sitting position, the same parameters with smartphone use in a... -
Plyometrics and vibration: no clear winner on efficacy
R. Jeremy Hubbard, Jerrold S. Petrofsky, Everett Lohman, Lee Berk, Donna Thorpe 물리치료재활과학회 Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science 7 Pages
물리치료재활과학회 Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science 2014, 제 3권 제 2호 2 86-92 (7 pages)
Objective: Whole body vibration (WBV) and plyometrics are common training techniques which increase strength, blood flow, and lower body force and power. The effects these techniques have on sedentary population is unknown. It is our aim to assess the effectiveness of WBV and plyometrics on sedentary population. Design: Experimental study. Methods: Twenty-seven sedentary subjects were assigned to either the control group, jumping only group, or jumping with vibration group. Jump height (myotest... -
Effects of forward & backward walking training with progressive body weight supported on stroke patients’ ambulatory ability
Kyung-Hoon Kim, Suk-Min Lee 물리치료재활과학회 Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science 9 Pages
물리치료재활과학회 Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science 2014, 제 3권 제 2호 1 77-85 (9 pages)
Objective: In the present study, the effects of progressive body weight support treadmill forward & backward walking training (FBWT), progressive body weight support treadmill forward walking training (FWT), and progressive body weight support treadmill backward walking training (BWT), and on stroke patients’ ambulatory abilities were examined. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: A total of 36 chronic stroke patients were divided into three groups with 12 subjects in each group. Each... -
Effect of gait training with additional weight on balance and gait in stroke patients
Seung Ho Shin, Mi Young Lee 물리치료재활과학회 Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science 8 Pages
물리치료재활과학회 Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science 2014, 제 3권 제 1호 10 55-62 (8 pages)
Objective: To study the effects of gait training with additional weight and gait training with non-additional weight on balance ability and gait ability in patients with chronic stroke through comparative analysis. Design: Randomized controlled trials. Methods: The subjects were divided randomly into two groups: additional weight group (AWG, n=12), and non-additional weight group (NAWG, n=10). Both groups received general physical therapy for 30 min in 1 session, 5 sessions per week during 6... -
Computer-Based Test (CBT) 개발 및 CBT에 대한 학생들의 인식
임은정(Eun-Jung Im), 이원기(Won-Kee Lee), 이유철(Yoo-Chul Lee), 최병호(Byung-Ho Choe), 정성광(Sung-Kwang Chung), 이택후(Taek-Hoo Lee), 조훈(Hune Cho), 손진호( 한국의학교육학회 Korean Journal of Medical Education 10 Pages
한국의학교육학회 Korean Journal of Medical Education 2008, 제 20권 제 2호 6 145-154 (10 pages)
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Comparison of electrophysiological properties of two types of pre-sympathetic neurons intermingled in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus
Yiming Shen, Seong Kyu Han, Pan Dong Ryu 대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 9 Pages
대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 2018, 제 19권 제 4호 2 483-491 (9 pages)
The PVNRVLM neurons received greater inhibitory synaptic inputs (frequency, p < 0.05) with a shorter rise time (p < 0.05). Taken together, the results indicate that the two pre-sympathetic neurons differ in their intrinsic and extrinsic electrophysiological properties, which may explain the lower firing activity of the PVNRVLM neurons. The greater inhibitory synaptic inputs to the PVNRVLM neurons also imply that these neurons have more integrative roles in regulation of sympathetic activity. -
Alteration of nitrergic neuromuscular transmission as a result of acute experimental colitis in rat
Tae-Sik Sung, Jun-Ho La, Tae-Wan Kim, Il-Suk Yang 대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 8 Pages
대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 2006, 제 7권 제 2호 9 143-150 (8 pages)
disappearance was diminished by L-NAME; this suggests that these responses were NO-mediated. In addition, the number of NADPH-diaphorase positive nerve cell bodies, in the myenteric plexus, was not altered in the distal colon; whereas the area of NADPH-diaphorase positive fibers, in the circular muscle layer, was decreased in the acetic acidtreated groups. These results suggest that NO-mediated inhibitory neural input, to the circular muscle, was decreased in the acetic acid-treated groups. -
Effects of Corticosteroid and Electroacupuncture on Experimental Spinal Cord Injury in Dogs
jung-whan Yang, Seong-mok Jeong, Kang-moon Seo, Tchi-chou Nam 대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 5 Pages
대한수의학회 Journal of Veterinary Science 2003, 제 4권 제 1호 15 97-101 (5 pages)
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of electroacupuncture, corticosteroid, and combination of two treatments on ambulatory paresis due to spinal cord injury in dogs by comparing therapeutic effects of electroacupuncture and corticosteroid. Spinal cord injury was induced in twenty healthy dogs (2.5-7 kg and 2-4 years) by foreign body insertion which compressed about 25% of spinal cord. There was no conscious proprioception, no extensor postural thrust, and ambulatory. Dogs were... -
Bacterial diversity and its relationship to growth performance of broilers
Yeonji Bae , Bonsang Koo , Seungbaek Lee , Jongsuk Mo , Kwanghyun Oh , In Pil Mo 대한수의학회 Korean Journal of Veterinary Research(구 대한수의학회지) 9 Pages
대한수의학회 Korean Journal of Veterinary Research(구 대한수의학회지) 2017, 제 57권 제 3호 3 159-167 (9 pages)
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Interactive Media Art의 구현을 위한 디지털 음향 시스템과 전자음악의 역할
이상윤(SangYoon Lee) 한국음악교육공학회 음악교육공학 16 Pages
한국음악교육공학회 음악교육공학 2003, 제 3호 6 107-122 (16 pages)
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Effects of acidic pH on voltage-gated ion channels in rat trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus neurons
Jin-EonHan, Jin-HwaCho, In-SunChoi, Do-YeonKim, Il-SungJang 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 9 Pages
대한생리학회-대한약리학회 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 2017, Vol.21 No.2 9 215-223 (9 pages)
The effects of acidic pH on several voltage-dependent ion channels, such as voltage-dependent K+ and Ca2+ channels, and hyperpolarization-gated and cyclic nucleotide-activated cation (HCN) channels, were examined using a whole-cell patch clamp technique on mechanically isolated rat mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus neurons. The application of a pH 6.5 solution had no effect on the peak amplitude of voltage-dependent K+ currents. A pH 6.0 solution slightly, but significantly inhibited the peak... -
Ahcyl2 upregulates NBCe1-B via multiple serine residues of the PEST domain-mediated association
PilWhanPark, JeongYealAhn, DongkiYang 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 8 Pages
대한생리학회-대한약리학회 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 2016, Vol.20 No.4 13 433-440 (8 pages)
Inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate [IP3] receptors binding protein released with IP3 (IRBIT) was previously reported as an activator of NBCe1-B. Recent studies have characterized IRBIT homologue S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase-like 2 (AHCYL2). AHCYL2 is highly homologous to IRBIT (88%) and heteromerizes with IRBIT. The two important domains in the N-terminus of AHCYL2 are a PEST domain and a coiled-coil domain which are highly comparable to those in IRBIT. Therefore, in this study, we tried to... -
Electrophysiological and Mechanical Characteristics in Human Ileal Motility: Recordings of Slow Waves Conductions and Contractions, In vitro
Seung-BumRyoo, Heung-KwonOh, SangHuiMoon, EunKyungChoe, SungAYu, Sung-HyePark, KyuJooPark 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 10 Pages
대한생리학회-대한약리학회 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 2015, Vol.19 No.6 8 533-542 (10 pages)
of 3∼4/min and 1∼2/min, respectively. The frequency, amplitude and area under the curve were similar between CM and LM. In segments, contractions of CM were associated with LM, but propagation varied with antegrade and retrograde directions. Atropine, NW-oxide-L-arginine, and sodium nitroprusside exhibited different effects on RMP and contractions. There were no cross-sectional differences with regard to the characteristics of slow waves in CM. The frequency of contractions in smooth muscle... -
Long-term Synaptic Plasticity: Circuit Perturbation and Stabilization
JooMinPark, Sung-CherlJung, Su-YongEun 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 4 Pages
대한생리학회-대한약리학회 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 2014, Vol.18 No.6 2 457-460 (4 pages)
At central synapses, activity-dependent synaptic plasticity has a crucial role in information pro-cessing, storage, learning, and memory under both physiological and pathological conditions. One widely accepted model of learning mechanism and information processing in the brain is Hebbian Plasticity: long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). LTP and LTD are respectively activity-dependent enhancement and reduction in the efficacy of the synapses, which are rapid and... -
Effects of Lubiprostone on Pacemaker Activity of Interstitial Cells of Cajal from the Mouse Colon
Han-YiJiao, DongHyunKim, JungSukKi, KwonHoRyu, SeokChoi, JaeYeoulJun 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 6 Pages
대한생리학회-대한약리학회 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 2014, Vol.18 No.4 9 341-346 (6 pages)
Lubiprostone is a chloride (Cl−) channel activator derived from prostaglandin E1 and used for managing constipation. In addition, lubiprostone affects the activity of gastrointestinal smooth muscles. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are pacemaker cells that generate slow-wave activity in smooth muscles. We studied the effects of lubiprostone on the pacemaker potentials of colonic ICCs. We used the whole-cell patch-clamp technique to determine the pacemaker activity in cultured colonic... -
Long-Term Potentiation of Excitatory Synaptic Strength in Spinothalamic Tract Neurons of the Rat Spinal Cord
SungWonHur, JooMinPark 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 6 Pages
대한생리학회-대한약리학회 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 2013, Vol.17 No.6 12 553-558 (6 pages)
Spinal dorsal horn nociceptive neurons have been shown to undergo long-term synaptic plasticity, including long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). Here, we focused on the spino-thalamic tract (STT) neurons that are the main nociceptive neurons projecting from the spinal cord to the thalamus. Optical technique using fluorescent dye has made it possible to identify the STT neurons in the spinal cord. Evoked fast mono-synaptic, excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs) were... -
Electrophysiological and Histologic Evaluation of the Time Course of Retinal Degeneration in the rd10 Mouse Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa
SeolAJae, KunNoAhn, JiYoungKim, JeHoonSeo, HyongKyuKim, YongSookGoo 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 7 Pages
대한생리학회-대한약리학회 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 2013, Vol.17 No.3 8 229-235 (7 pages)
in mean spike frequency, but the frequency of power spectral peak of local field potential at PW3 and PW3.5 is significantly different among other age groups (p<0.05). Histologic examination of rd10 retinae showed significant decrease in thickness of the outer nuclear layer at PW3. TUNEL positive cells were most frequently observed at PW3. From these data, we confirm that in the rd10 mouse, the most precipitous retinal degeneration occurs between PW3∼PW4 and that photoreceptor degeneration is... -
Synaptic Plasticity in Mouse Models of Autism Spectrum Disorders
LeeyupChung, AlexraL.Bey, Yong-HuiJiang 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 10 Pages
대한생리학회-대한약리학회 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 2012, Vol.16 No.6 1 369-378 (10 pages)
Analysis of synaptic plasticity together with behavioral and molecular studies have become a popular approach to model autism spectrum disorders in order to gain insight into the pathosphysiological mechanisms and to find therapeutic targets. Abnormalities of specific types of synaptic plasticity have been revealed in numerous genetically modified mice that have molecular construct validity to human autism spectrum disorders. Constrained by the feasibility of technique, the common regions... -
Standard Error of Empirical Bayes Estimate in NONMEMⰒ VI
DongwooKang, Kyun-SeopBae, BrettE.Houk, RadojkaM.Savic, MatsO.Karlsson 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 10 Pages
대한생리학회-대한약리학회 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 2012, Vol.16 No.2 3 97-106 (10 pages)
The pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics analysis software NONMEMⰒ output provides model parameter estimates and associated standard errors. However, the standard error of empirical Bayes estimates of inter-subject variability is not available. A simple and direct method for estimating standard error of the empirical Bayes estimates of inter-subject variability using the NONMEMⰒ VI internal matrix POSTV is developed and applied to several pharmacokinetic models using intensively or... -
Spontaneous Oscillatory Rhythm in Retinal Activities of Two Retinal Degeneration (rd1 and rd10) Mice
YongSookGoo, KunNoAhn, YeongJunSong, SuHeokAhn, SeungKeeHan, SangBaekRyu, KyungHwanKim 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 8 Pages
대한생리학회-대한약리학회 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 2011, Vol.15 No.6 13 415-422 (8 pages)
of rd10 mice. From the raw waveform of recording using 8×8 microelectrode array (MEA) from in vitro-whole mount retina, RGC spikes and LFP were isolated by using different filter setting. Fourier transform was performed for detection of frequency of bursting RGC spikes and oscillatory field potential (OFP). In rd1 mice, ∼10 Hz rhythmic burst of spontaneous RGC spikes is always phase-locked with the OFP and this phase-locking property is preserved regardless of postnatal ages. However, in rd10... -
A Computational Model of Cytosolic and Mitochondrial [Ca2+] in Paced Rat Ventricular Myocytes
JaeBoumYoum, SeongWooChoi, ChangHanJang, HyoungKyuKim, ChaeHunLeem, NariKim, JinHan 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 23 Pages
대한생리학회-대한약리학회 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 2011, Vol.15 No.4 5 217-239 (23 pages)
of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release, the relation between stimulus frequency and the amplitude of Ca2+ transients was examined under the low density (1/10 of control) of L-type Ca2+ channel in model simulation, where the relation was reversed. In experiment, block of Ca2+ uniporter on mitochondrial inner membrane significantly reduced the amplitude of mitochondrial Ca2+ transients, while it failed to affect the cytosolic Ca2+ transients. In computer simulation, the amplitude of cytosolic Ca2+... -
Modulation of Presynaptic GABA Release by Oxidative Stress in Mechanically-isolated Rat Cerebral Cortical Neurons
Eu-TeumHahm, Jung-WooSeo, JinyoungHur, Young-WukCho 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 6 Pages
대한생리학회-대한약리학회 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 2010, Vol.14 No.3 2 127-132 (6 pages)
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which include hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the superoxide anion (O2−·), and the hydroxyl radical (OH·), are generated as by-products of oxidative metabolism in cells. The cerebral cortex has been found to be particularly vulnerable to production of ROS associated with conditions such as ischemia-reperfusion, Parkinson's disease, and aging. To investigate the effect of ROS on inhibitory GABAergic synaptic transmission, we examined the electrophysiological... -
Electrically-evoked Neural Activities of rd1 Mice Retinal Ganglion Cells by Repetitive Pulse Stimulation
SangBaekRyu, JangHeeYe, JongSeungLee, YongSookGoo, ChiHyunKim, KyungHwanKim 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 6 Pages
대한생리학회-대한약리학회 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 2009, Vol.13 No.6 6 443-448 (6 pages)
RGC firing rates while increasing the pulse frequency from 1 to 10 pulses per second (or Hz) to deduce the optimal pulse frequency range for modulation of RGC response strength. RGC response strength monotonically and linearly increased within the stimulation frequency of 1∼9 Hz. The results suggest that the evoked neural activities of RGCs in degenerated retina can be reliably controlled by pulse frequency modulation, and may be used as a stimulation strategy for visual neural prosthesis.


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