Barium enema study for colon examination is of great importance in the health care of our people and its value can be increased by a wide understanding of the attendant difficulties and limitation. Since the incidence of the colon and rectal carcinoma is increasing, the barium enema examination is more valuable. Radiologically diagnosed 134 cases of colon and rectal carcinoma from Jan. 1964 to June 1970 have been reviewed at Yonsei Univ. , College of Medicine. Among the total admission during these years, the ratio of the colon and rectal carcinoma was 0.29 %, and the incidence among barium enema examinations was 5.3%. The peak age range was between 40 and 50 years. The average age of the patients was 46 years. It was more common in male. The clinical picture was rather vague in some cases, especially in the lesions of right colon. The large number of cases has bowel habit change, tarry or bloody stool and abdominal pain. About 60% of the lesions were located in rectum and 40% was in proximal portion from the rectum, which could not be completely diagnosed only by digital examination and proctosigmoidoscopy. On roentgenogram, the most common form was encircling type. Next was fungating. The positivity for accuracy of the barium enema examination was 90%. Majority of cancers of the colon, particulary those that produce symptoms are relatively gross lesions. Indaily practise we habe to eager to find out small lesions by repeat and complete barium enema examination, including double contrast study. Early diagnosis is an aid immediate, logical objectives in attempts to decrease the morbidity and mortality from carcinoma of colon.