A case of pulmonary aspergillosis, strongly suspected before operation and confirmed after surgical intervention, was reviewed with related literatures. It has become to be a well recognized fact that pulmonary mycosis generally results from sapro-phytic colonization of previous lung cavities usually due to pulmonary tbc, lung abscess, cyst of bronchiectasis. Recently, the author experienced one case of pulmonary aspergillosis which had been diagnosed and treated as tuberculosis for 6 years. Sputum culture, immunologic study and X-ray findings constitute essential part of diagnosis. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice combined with systemic administration of anti-fungal agents to eradicate the disease completely.[KTCS 1973;2:171-174]