Seventy-eight cases of the esophageal cancer were treated in this department during the period from July 1959 to August 1973. Esophageal carcinoma was more frequent in men then in women by a ratio of five to one, and the peak incidence occurred in the sixth decade. Dysphagea was tile most common symptoms in 82 per cent of our cases. The tumor was located mostly in the middle and the lower one third [88.4%] The histological diagnosis was made in 52 cases. The squamous cell carcinoma was tile commonest [67. 8%], and the rest was the adenocarcinoma in the lower one third [32. 2%]. Forty-seven cases were operated on and resection was feasible in twenty-seven patients with 5 cases of hospital mortality.[KTCS 1973;2:231-236]