1. The kidney size and cortical thickness were measured from intravenous pyelograms of healthy Korean adults of 250 males and 250 females. 2. The measured size and cortical thickness of kidney were as following figure (mm), {{{{ }}{{ }}{{Length }}{{Width }}{{Cortical thickness (Pole) }}{{Upper }}{{Middle }}{{Lower }}{{Male Female }}{{ right left right left }}{{120.6$pm$7.03 126.2$pm$7.71 118.8$pm$8.41 124.0$pm$8.57 }}{{63.7$pm$5.46 68.5$pm$5.50 62.6$pm$5.66 64.1$pm$5.74 }}{{31.3$pm$4.14 32.0$pm$4.68 32.4$pm$4.12 32.8$pm$4.36 }}{{25.6$pm$3.34 25.8$pm$3.29 25.2$pm$3.30 25.0$pm$3.33 }}{{32.3$pm$3.42 32.6$pm$3.58 32.1$pm$3.34 33.0$pm$3.50 }}{{Total }}{{ right left }}{{119.7$pm$10.96 125.1$pm$10.69 }}{{63.2$pm$7.86 66.3$pm$7.95 }}{{31.8$pm$5.84 32.4$pm$6.40 }}{{24.4$pm$4.70 25.4$pm$4.68 }}{{32.2$pm$4.78 32.8$pm$5.01 }} }}3. The size of kidney of male is a little larger than female both in vertical length and horizontal width. 4. The renal cortical thickness were not significant indifferences between male and female, right and left, in each poles. 5. In the study of distribution of length differences between pairs of kidneys in our series, the length of right kidney is larger in 18.6%, and width in 27.2%. 6. Comparative study is carried out measuring the length of first lumbar vertebral bodies including 4 intervertebral spaces. 7. The size of kidney is larger in the group of greater length of vertebral height. 8. The renal cortical thickness have no significant differences in according to the differences of length of vertebral height, in each poles. 9. Comparing with the western authors, the kidney size of the Korean adult is not smaller than western.