Persistent bronchopleural fistula still presents a troublesome therapeutic challenge and demands an aggressive approach when conventional measures fail. Empyema associated bronchopleural fistula developed after resectional surgery and their primary diseases were lung abscess in one case, bronchiectasis in two cases. Three cases of postpneumonectomy empyema associated bronchopleural fistula were treated surgically with a pedicled intercostal muscle grafting and concomittent thoracoplasty. After the procedure, patients had no recurrent symptoms or signs of bronchopleural fistula and discharged from hospital with improved condition. [KTCS 1982;3:295-298]