Between November 1973 and February 1983, 16 patients inflicted with pulmonary aspergillosis were treated in the Department of Thoracic Surgery in Seoul National University Hospital. This investigation was designed to illustrate the surgical role in managing this disease. All cases had a history of treatment with antituberculous drugs under diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis for an average of 4.22 years and hemoptysis was the leading chief complaints [62.5%]. Postoperative pathologic findings showed that 10 cases [62.5%] were combined with bronchiectasis, three were combined with tuberculosis [18.75%], and two cases were not combined with other disease. In one case, there was no record available. We experienced five cases of complication-they were postoperative empyema, postoperative bleeding with adult respiratory distress syndrome, minor persistent air leak, minor residual space, and minor pleural effusion. The first two complications needed reoperation to control the condition, and remaining three didn`t need any surgical procedure but conservative measures. I n conclusion, surgical resection is the treatment of choice in the management of localized pulmonary aspergillosis if the patient is a suitable candidate for operation with regard to high incidence of hemoptysis.[KTCS 1983;1:131-137]