The effect of Schizandrae fructus extract (S.F.E.) on experimentally alloxan-induced diabetes in rabbits and the acute toxicity on mice were studied; $LP_{50}$ of the extract was 21.50g/kg by intraperitoneal administration in mice. S.F.E. showed more rapid recovering effect than the control group : all samples showed excellent effect of lowering the hyperglycemia, that is, the blood glucose level was significantly decreased by 800mg/kg in 2 days and by 200mg/kg in 6 days. SGPT activity was lowered promptly after 4 days in 800mg/kg. Total cholesterol level was not shown significant lowering effect by 200mg/kg, but rapid by 800mg/kg in 6 days; blood urea nitrogen level was decreased gradually in 800mg/kg after 10 days and 14 days in 200mg/kg. In histological studies of pancreas, the sample groups exhibited less karyorrhexis, vacuolar and vesicular change, more stable in contents of ${eta}-cells$ than the control group.