This experiment was carried out to analyze the effect of different air- and soil-temperatures on the major traits of barley including grain yield. Outdoor growth cabinet and soil temperature equipment were used for this study to control the air- and soil-temperatures during the plant growth. Earlier heading appeared at the higher soil-temperature under same air-temperature, and more stems showed when conbined with 25$^{circ}C$ of air-temperature and l0$^{circ}C$ soil-temperature than any treatment. There appeared, however, the longest spike length, awn length, distance from flag-leaf to spike and culm length at 20$^{circ}C$ of air-temperature and 10$^{circ}C$ or 15$^{circ}C$ of soil-temperatures. As far as grain yields are concerned, there showed the highest yield on the condition combined with 20$^{circ}C$ of air-temperature and 10$^{circ}C$ of soil-temperature.