There is now a large body of research which investigate the preconceptions held by the students in a variety of school levels ranging from the elementary schools to the universities. A problem exists, however, in applying the fingings of the research to the practices of science education. Meanwhile the field of science education is in urgent need of the new instructional theories. One viable means of improving such problematic situation as this is to develop the teaching/learning materials which incorporate the suggestions implied by the results of the research. A prosedure for developing an instructional material and the application of the material in the naturalistic classes are described. Also described in this article are the analyses of the effectiveness of the materials and the implications of this developmental study for the teaching strategies of science.