Malignant neoplasm associated with long-standing pleuritis or empyema is rare but a critical complication. Among 67 cases which were reported in English and Japanese literatures, the cause of empyema was consid-ered to be tuberculosis in 51 cases. The most common malignant disease associated with the long-standing pleural disease was non-Hodgkim lymphoma (NHL). and the majority of the malignant lymphomas were B-cell type. Detection of the malignancy combined with an empyema is difficult, however, chest radiograph or CT may show the evidence of malignant pleural disease. We report a case of pathologically proven T-cell type malignant NHL associated with chronic tuberculous empyema in a 66-year-old male patient.