Rhabdomyosarcomas are found mainly in young patients, but rare in adults. A correlated cytological and histologic study of one case of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma is presented. The cytologic appearance of the urine smear corresponded well with the histologic findings. Cytologically, two main cell types were distinguished ; a predominant primitive, small round cell with scant cytoplasm and a large cell with abundant cytoplasm. The cytologic feature proving rhabdomyoblastic differentiation, such as cross-striation, was absent.