Bronchial stump aspergillosis(BSA) is an infrequent disease developing on the bronchial stump after lobectomy with the silk as a suture material. The silk induces inflammatory reaction, granuloma formation, secondary infection of the bronchial stump and leads to BSA. If a patient complains of cough, hemoptysis, expectoration of suture material several months or years after lobectomy with the silk, BSA should be considered as one of causative mechanisms. Bronchoscopic identification of silk thread with aspergillosis and its removal is necessary. We report a case of BSA in a 59-year-old man with review of the literature.