Purpose : To evaluate the effectiveness of MR imaging in assessing the response of carcinomas of the uterinecervix to the combined therapy of interferon $alpha$-2a, 13-cis-retinoic acid and radiation. Materials and Methods :Thirteen patients with untreated, locally advanced squamous cell cervical carcinoma were treated for eight weekswith 13-cis-retinoic acid plus interferon $alpha$-2a and radiotherapy. Axial and sagittal T1-weighted spin echo andfast spin echo MR images were obtained before and after treatment, using a 1.5-T MR scanner. MR images werecorrelated with biopsy findings. In each patient, pre- and post-treatment images were prospectively analyzed andcompared. Results : In all patients, tumor volume could be calculated by three dimensional measurement on MRimages. Initial response to the combined therapy was complete in eight patients, partial in four and progressivein one. Evidence of tumor recurrence was noted in two patients during the follow-up period. MR images correlatedwell with biopsy findings. Conclusion : MR imaging is useful in the evaluation of tumor response to the combinedbiologic and radiation therapy, which can be an effective first-line therapy against locally advanced squamouscell carcinoma of the cervix.