This article explores what is the genuine Koreanness in Korean arithmetic by examining what kind of influence the Chinese arithmetic had on the Korean arithmetic and how the Korean arithmetic scholars had accepted and utilized it. Because the main stream of Korean culture before the end of Chosun dynasty was located under the umbrella of the Chinese philosophy, technique, and culture, it is necessary to make researches on the historical documents and materials in order to establish the milestone in the Korean arithmetic history for the Korean arithmetic scholars. For this research, the arithmetic books published in between the sixteenth century and the end of Chosun dynasty are mainly consulted and discussed, dealing with the bibliographical introduction in the arithmetic Part in Re Outline History of the Korean Science & Technology written by Prof. Yong-Woon Kim.