Effect of chemical splitting of split-type nylon/polyester microfiber knitted fabric on the water absorption was investigated. Alkaline hydrolysis was used for the splitting of the microfiber polyester knitted fabric. To obtain optimum splitting process parameters for high water absorption of microfiber knitted fabric, hydrolysis under various conditions was carried out. Weight loss of the hydrolyzed fabric increased as hydrolysis time, temperature, and concentration of sodium hydroxide increased. Areal density was measured to investigate the relationship between weight loss and shrinkage. Water absorption measurement system was designed to investigate the exact waster absorption of microfiber knitted fabrics treated under various alkaline hydrolysis conditions. As a result, the most effective hydrolysis condition for obtaining superior water absorptivity of microfiber knitted fabrics was obtained.