The liquefactions of $alpha$-cellulose(Sigma Chemical, C-8002, 47H0383) was prepared in the presence of phenol using sulfuric acid as a catalyst under $N_2$ gas protection at $180^{circ}C$ for 60minutes to examine its components. The ratio of $alpha$-cellulose to phenol was 1: 6.2(w/w), and that to sulfuric acid was 1: 0.05(g/$mell$). The yields of liquefaction were calculated after the liquefied mixtures were passed through 1G4 glass filter. The luquefied product of $alpha$-cellulose was analyzed using GC-MS Spectormeter. The 12 compounds identified by GC-MS Spectrometer, of which peak area covers 54% as 2,4-dimethyl phenol, p-isopropyl phenol, 1-ethyl-3,5-dimethyl benzene, o-isopropyl phenol, (E)-2,4` dihydroxy-stilbene, 2,2`-methylene-bisphenol, 4,4`-methylenebisphenol, 3-methyl-2-hydroxyphenyl-(E)-2-hydroxyl-4`-methoxy-stilbene, 1-phyenyl-1-(4`hydroxyphenyl)methanol phenol derivatives. From this results, the reaction pathways of the liquefaction of cellulose were proposed through electrophilic substitution reaction. Phenol as a solvent might react with the reaction intermediates as well in the cellulose liquefaction.