The present study was carried out to evaluate biologically active components of the rhizomes of Sparganium stoloniferum and to supply the preliminary data for the chemotaxonomy and the medicinal application. Extraction and systematic fractionation of the rhizomes by column chromatography led to the isolation of six compounds from ethylacetate and n-butanol soluble fractions. Elucidation of the chemical structures of these compounds by physicochemical and apectral analysis demonstrated that compound I,II ,III,IV,V and Ⅵ were $eta$-sitosterol, $eta$-sitosterol-3-$eta$-D-glucuronopyranoside, 3- (4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid, sorbose, 1-O-$eta$-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S, 3R, 4E, 8Z)-2-[(2(R)-hydroxyeicosanoyl)amido]-4,8-octadecadiene-1,3-diol, and $eta$-sitosterol-3-O-$eta$-D-glucopyranoside, respectively.