The essential oils isolated from leaves, flowers, stems, and fruits of Vitex rotundifolia by steam distillation and extraction (SDE) method were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 76 components detected by GC, 42 components were identified positively by GC-MS and GC co-injection with authentic standards, and 34 components were identified tentatively by mass spectral data only. They included 16 monoterpene hydrocarbons, 30 oxygenated hydrocarbons, 10 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, 8 oxygenated sesquiterpenes, 3 diterpenes, and 9 miscellaneous components. The major components in the oil from the leaves were ${alpha}-pinene$ (30.25%), 1,8-cineole (19.89%), sabinene (9.56%), ${alpha}-terpineol$ (7.94%), ${eta}-pinene$ (5.69%), and terpinen-4-ol (2.37%), and those in the flower oil were ${alpha}-pinene$ (25.47%), 1,8-cineole (7.69%), manoyl oxide (6.21%), ${eta}-pinene$ (4.20%), ${alpha}-te.pineol$ (3.76%), and sabinene (2.78%). The major components in the oil from the stems were ${alpha}-pinene$ (13.24%), ${alpha}-terpineol$ (10.64%), 1,8-cineole (4.40%), manoyl oxide (4.02%), ${eta}-pinene$ (2.39%), and terpinen-4-ol (2.21%) while those in the oil from the fruits were ${alpha}-pinene$ (20.24%), 1,8-cineole (11.47%), ${eta}P-pinene$ (9.79%), ${alpha}-terpineol$ (7.08%), sabinene (3.68%), and limonene (2.77%). The percentage composition of monoterpenes in the oils from the leaves and the fruits were higher than in those from the flowers and the stems, whereas the oil from the flowers and the stems were characterized by a large content of sesquiterpenes, diterpenes and other unknown high molecular weight components.