This study explored the effect of dietary levels of Na and Ca on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). SHR were randomly divided into 5 groups and fed a high fat/cholesterol diet containing three levels of Na (0.05, 0.1, 1.5%) and Ca (0.1, 0.5, 1.5%) for 9 weeks. Body weight gain was not influenced by dietary intake but water intake significantly increased in high Na supplementation. Systolic blood pressure was not influenced by dietary Na and Ca levels but was decreased by dietary low Na/high Ca levels at 9 weeks. Angiotensin-II level was affected by dietary Na level but not by Ca levels. Plasma Ca, Mg, K and Na levels were in the normal range regardless of dietary Na and Ca levels. Weight, and K and Na contents of the heart and kidney were not significantly different among those with different dietary Na and Ca levels. Ca and Mg contents of the heart and kidney were significantly higher in the normal Na/normal Ca group. Ca and Mg in the feces were higher in those with high Ca intake. Na in the feces was higher in those with high Na intake. Therefore, Na and Ca had different mechanisms in the hypertension/hyperlipidemia models, respectively. And we suggested that Mg must be supplemented when Ca intake was high because Mg excretion was increased by Ca supplementation.