Germ-line transformation and RNA interference (RNAi) are useful molecular tools that make functional genetic studies feasible because through these techniques target genes can be altered in vivo and their phenotypes can be investigated. Germ-line transformation allows establishment of a stable transformed line while injected double-stranded RNAi (dsRNAi) transiently knocks out an endogenous gene of interest by post-transcriptionally silencing its transcripts. Recently, both these techniques have been demonstrated workable in Anopheles gambiae, a most deadly African malaria mosquito. Availability of these techniques in A. gambiae is highly expected to help researchers gain more insight into gene functions in A. gambiae. As a result, attempts to control malaria transmission by genetically manipulating A. gambiae can be made in the future. In particular, dsRNAi should be useful to elucidate biological functions of those conceptually predicted genes in the A. gambiae genome as suggested in other organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. Therefore, we provide the technical details of these two experimental procedures so that they will become accessible to more vector biologists.