This study was conducted to identify the factors affecting smoking cessation behavior of the university student smokers for developing the effective smoking cessation program. For this purpose, data were collected from 64 students registrated at the university health center for anti-smoking acupuncture through May, 2003. Data were analyzed with percentile, mean, t-test, ANOVA, pearson correlation by SPSS/PC program. The results were as follows ; There was significant relationship in the scores on perceived benefits(t=-2.05, p=.045), chance-health locus of control(t=-2.28, p=.026) and nicotine dependence (t=-1.96, p=.056) according to the grade. And also there was significant increase in the nicotine dependence in the higher grades. There were significant positive relationship between external locus of control and perceived benefits(r=.389, p=.001), perceived barriers and benefits(r=.457, p=.000), and significant negative relationship between the daily life activities and perceived barriers(r=-.350, p=.005). From these results, it can be concluded that the effective smoking cessation program could be considered of perceived benefits & barriers, and nicotine dependence to promote anti-smoking behavior for university student smokers.