Fe(C) nanocapsules were prepared by the chemical vapor condensation(CVC) process using the pyrolysis of iron $pentacarbonyl(Fe(CO)_{5}).$ Their characterizations were studied by means of X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer and transmission electron microscopy. The long-chained Fe(C) nanocapsules hav-ing the mean size of under 70 nm could be obtained below $1100^{circ}C$ in different gas flow rates. The particle size of the powders was increased with increasing decomposition temperature, but it was decreased with increasing CO gas flow rate. The Fe powders produced at $500^{circ}C$ consisted of three layers of ${alpha}-Fe/Fe_{3}C/amorphous$ phases, but it had two phase core-shell structure which consited of $Fe_{3}C$ phase of core and graphite of shell at $1100^{circ}C.$