The Neuron structure in a nervous system consists of inhibitory neurons and excitory neurons. Both neurons are activated by agonistic neurons and inactivated by antagonist neurons. In this paper, we proposed a physiological fuzzy neural network by analyzing the physiological neuron structure in the nervous system. The proposed structure selectively activates the neurons which go through a state of excitement caused by agonistic neurons and also transmit the signal of these neurons to the output layers. The proposed physiological fuzzy neural networks based on the nervous system consists of a input player, and the hidden layer which classifies features of learning data, and output layer. The proposed fuzzy neural network is applied to recognize bronchial squamous cell carcinoma images and car plate images. The result of the experiments shows that the learning time, the convergence, and the recognition rate of the proposed physiological fuzzy neural networks outperform the conventional neural networks.