The purpose of this study was to determine the iron status of preschool children in Ulsan, Korea. The study was con-ducted using 95 children aged 3 to 6 years by investigating the anthropometric indices and assessing the dietary intakes and biochemical analysis. A questionnaire for dietary intakes using 24-hr recall method were carried out by the mothers of the 95 subjects. And also a study was conducted to assess hematological and biochemical status of iron and prevalence of iron deficiency. The average height and weight were 105.4 $pm$ 7.0 cm, 18.7 $pm$ 3.2 kg in boys, 103.8 $pm$ 6.7 cm, 17.6 $pm$ 2.7 kg in girls. These were lower than the body growth standard values of Korean pediatrics. There was not a significant difference in both between boys and girls. For the daily nutrient intake, energy was 1201.5 $pm$ 280.9 kcal (79.3$\%$RDA), protein was 63.8 $pm$ 28.2 g (219.4$\%$RDA), iron was 11.9 $pm$ 4.5 mg (133.2$\%$RDA). The iron nutritional status by hematological assay found that Hct was 34.7 $pm$ 2.0 ($\%$), Hb was 12.0 $pm$ 0.8 g/dl, RBC was 4.3 $pm$ 0.3 ($10^6/{mu}l$), MCV was 80.5 $pm$ 3.0 fL, MCH was 27.8 $pm$ 1.1 pg and MCHC was 34.6 $pm$ 0.6 g/dl. The biochemical measurement of serum iron was 75.6 $pm$ 30.3 ${mu}g$/dl, TIBC was 320.3 $pm$ 34.1 ${mu}g$/dl, serum ferritin was 30.0 $pm$ 14.8 ${mu}g$/dl, Zinc-Protophor-phyrin (ZPP) was 32.7 $pm$ 8.0 ${mu}g$/dl, and ZPP/Heme was 71.1 $pm$ 19.5 ($mu$mole/mol heme). The prevalence with Hct, Hb, TS and serum ferritin less than cut-off value was $8.4\%,;9.5\%,;12.6\%$ and $4.4\%$ respectively. But the prevalence of iron deficiency estimated with ZPP and ZPP/Heme criteria were $25.3\%$ and $27.4\%$, and were higher than in case of any other indices. The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia ((low Hb (< 11.0 g/dl) and low serum ferritin (< 10 ${mu}g$/L) or low TS (3-4 yews: < $12\%$, 5-6 years: < $14\%$)) was found in only one 3 year old girl. The prevalence of iron deficiency except Hct and Hb was the highest in 3 year group, but the prevalence by Hct and Hb was the highest in 5 year group. Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia do not seem to be a major public health problem in preschool children in Ulsan.