In this investigation, reprocessing tests were carried out on various types of mine wastes including metal mine tailings in order to recover valuable metallic and non-metallic resources and to minimize long-term environmental damages. Reprocessing tests on mine wastes were carried out by employing various separation techniques such as gravity and magnetic separation, classification, etc. For example, silica minerals were recovered from the coal mine wastes by applying the selective crushing and grinding, and screening methods. In the treatment of tailings obtained from metal mines, processes were also developed to recover valuable metals and non-metallic resources, which will be used for aggregates, ceramic materials, foundry sands, and other construction applications. The processes we developed should meet the major conditions such as process with large-scale treatment, easy operation and low maintenance cost, no secondary pollution problems, etc. The future prospects with regard to the utilization of raw materials recovered from the mine wastes will also be discussed.