To evaluate the anti-hyperlipidemic effect of Brassica rapa L. and its major compound, $eta$-sitosterol, the present study was undertaken, hypercholesterolemia was induced in rats with poloxamer-407, Triton WR-1339, 30% corn oil high cholesterol diet. The ethanol extract of Brassica rapa L. significantly decreased total cholesterol (TC), phospholipid, triglyceride at doses of 200 mg/kg, and $eta$-sitosterol significantly exerted anti-hyperlipidemic activity at a dose of 15 mg/kg in rats with hyperlipidemia. Taken together, Brassica rapa L. and $eta$-sitosterol can be useful agents for the prevention or treatment of hyperlipidemia.