In oriental medicine, Samul-tang (SMT) has been used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and neuronal disorders. Here, possible effects of SMT on axonal regeneration after the spinal cord injury were examined. SMT treatment induced increases in regeneration-related proteins GAP-43, cell division cycle 2 (Cdc2) and phospho-Erk1/2 in the peripheral sciatic nerves after crush injury. Increased levels of Cdc2 and phospho-Erk1/2 were observe mostly in the gray matter area and some in the dorsomedial white matter. These increases correlated with increased cell numbers in affected areas. Moreover, axons of corticospinal tract (CST) showed increased sprouting in the injured spinal cord when administrated with SMT compared with saline-treated control. Thus, the present data indicate that SMT may be useful for identifying active components and for therapeutic application toward the treatment of spinal cord disorders after injury.