Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen(BCL) has been commonly prescribed for stroke patients in the traditional Oriental medicine. So this study is aims to investigate the anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects of Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen(BCL) manufactured by different production process on the focal ischemia induced by intraluminal filament insertion in rats. The focal ischemia was induced by intraluminal filament insertion into middle cerebral artery. The animals were divided into four groups (n=15 in each group). The ischemia induced and not treated group : Control group, the ischemia induced and oral medication of the three kinds of BCL : BCL-A group, BCL-B group, BCL-C group. BCL-A was produced by heating at a low temperature$(250^{circ} C)$ in electric kiln and filtering. BCL-B was produced by heating at a high temperature$(900^{circ} C{sim}1,000^{circ}C)$ in yellow earth kiln and refining and filtering. BCL-C was produced by heating at a low temperature$(400^{circ} C)$ yellow earth kiln and no refining and filtering. The anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects of the oral medication of BCL were observed by Bax, BCL-2, cytochrome c, mGluR5, cresyl violet and ChAT-stain. Our study suggests that BCl-A(was produced by heating at a low temperature in electric kiln and filtering) and BCL-C(was produced by heating at a low temperature in yellow earth kiln and no refining and filtering) show anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects on the focal ischemia induced by intraluminal filament insertion in rats and BCL-C is more effective than BCL-A.