Purpose: To examine the effect of the exercise behavior modification therapy one the obesity control and self-esteem of the obese female college students. Method: Data was collected from March 10, 2006 to June 10, 2006. The research design was adopted randomized control group (EG=exercise group) pretest-posttest experimental ($E{cdot}BG$=exercise${cdot}$behavior modification therapy group) design. The subjects were nursing students at T college. A total of 37 obese female college students (BMI: over $27mg/m^2$) were selected for this research. The exercise program was executed for 12 weeks and 4 days a week, and the behavior modification was therapy performed for 12 weeks and 60 minutes per week. The data were analyzed with the SPSS Win 12.0 program through the Mann-Whitney test. Result: BMI (Z=-3.049, p=.002) of the $E{cdot}BG$ was significantly different from the EG. The Total Cholesterol(Z=-1.162, p= .250) of the $E{cdot}BG$ was not significantly different from the EG. The self-esteem(Z=-3.196, p= .001) of the $E{cdot}BG$ was significantly different from the EG. Conclusion: The exercise behavior modification therapy was more effective than the exercise therapy in improving the obesity and self-esteem of the obese female college students.