The purpose of this research relates to the development of natural preservatives. Here, Samultang ingredients (Rehmannia glutinosa, Cnidium officinale, Paeonia lactiflora and Angelica gigas) were extracted with distilled water and 70% ethanol, and the antibacterial and antioxidative activities of the extracts were tested. The highest polyphenol contents were found in the water and ethanol extracts of Paeonia lactiflora (100 g) at 843.2 mg and 721.1 mg, respectively (p<0.05). The ethanol extract of Cnidium officinale demonstrated antibacterial activity against L. monocytogenes and S. aureus, and that from Paeonia lactiflora against S. aureus. The electron donating abilities (EDA) of the water extracts ranged from 67 to 84%, and those of the ethanol extracts ranged from 68 to 84% at 1,000 ppm. The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities of the water extracts ranged from 47 to 50%, and those of the ethanol extracts ranged from 50 to 56% at 1,000 ppm. The nitrite scavenging abilities (NSA) of the water extracts at 1,000 ppm of the water extracts ranged from 30 to 49%, and those of the ethanol extracts ranged from 42 to 54% at pH 1.2, respectively. The NSAs of the extracts were highest at pH 1.2, and then decreased with increasing pH. The highest levels of antibacterial and antioxidant activity occurred with the water and ethanol extracts of Paeonia lactiflora, which had the highest polyphenol content among the Samultang ingredients. Over all, the ethanol extracts of the Samultang ingredients had higher activities than the water extracts. Considering the combined results, one can conclude that Samultang ingredient extracts would be useful as natural preservatives in the development of health foods.