Purpose: In this study the effects of Self-Development program on self-esteem and communication in middle school students were examined. Method: Forty-three middle school students in D City participated in a survey, which was carried out from October to November, 2007. To test the effects of the Self-Development Program, the students were divided into two groups, an experimental group (23) and a control group (20). The research design used in this study was a nonequivalent control group pre-posttest quasi-experimental research design. The research tools included a self-esteem scale and a communication scale. Chi-square test, paired t-test, and t-test were used to analyze the data with the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. Result: Significant differences were found in self-esteem scores between the experimental group and the control group. But there were no significant differences between the two groups on communication scores. Conclusion: The results suggest that the Self-Development program is a useful nursing intervention for improving the self-esteem of middle school students.