Research on the improvement of efficiency in the manufacturing industry is underdeveloped partly because of the ambiguous objectives of the technical development of efficiencies in terms of energy consumption reduction. Consequently, the technical development of high-efficiency techniques that consider the whole manufacturing system is rarely addressed in industrial research. For this reason, this report aims to find the patterns in, and the definitions of, the technologies that will lead to efficiency improvement in the entire manufacturing industry by thoroughly investigating the literature about energy consumption reduction strategies, energy policies, and the state-of-the-art for energy-saving methods that are being pursued currently in several major countries. Through this study, the necessity and importance of the foregoing three items have been identified, and a way of defining the productivities of an energy-saving manufacturing system distinct from those of conventional manufacturing systems was attempted. It is also shown that the development of energy-saving and energy-harvesting technologies for all industrial sectors has emerged as a herald of economic growth in the near future.