The chemical compositions and antibacterial and antifungal activities of essential oils extracted from Abies holophylla and A. koreana were investigated. GC-MS analysis revealed that 38 compounds comprised 95.88% of the A. holophylla essential oil, with the main components being bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol(28.05%), ${delta}3$-carene(13.85%), $alpha$-pinene(11.68%), camphene(10.41%), dl-limonene(7.61%), $eta$-myrcene(7.11%), trans-caryophyllene(5.36%), and $alpha$-bisabolol(3.67%). In the essential oil from A. koreana, 36 compounds comprised 98.67% of the oil, and the main compounds were bornyl ester(41.79%), camphene(15.31%), $alpha$-pinene(11.19%), dl-limonene(8.58%), fenchyl acetate(5.55%), and $alpha$-terpinene(2.29%). Both essential oils showed great potential of antibacterial activity against several bacteria tested, in the range of 2.2-$8.8{mu}g$ per disc by the agar disc diffusion method, and minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) values of 5.5-21.8 mg/ml by the microdilution method. Both oils showed very effective antifungal activities toward all pathogenic strains tested, including Candida glabrata, with MIC values in the range of 0.5-2.2 mg/ml. As a whole, A. koreana oil showed better antibacterial and antifungal properties than A. holophylla oil.