In Korea, talc that has been widely used for a lot of consumer products as well as industrial usage until recently was found to be contaminated with asbestos. It becomes a major social issue. Critical health risk about both talc and talc contaminated with asbestos was summarized through literature review. It has been confirmed that talc can pose ovarian cancer when talc powder is used in the genital area. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) already concluded that the perineal use of cosmetic talc can cause possibly carcinogenic to humane(Group 2B), although there was study reporting the lack of a consistent an established correlation between perineal dusting frequency and ovarian tissue talc concentrations and the lack of a consistent dose-response relationship with ovarian cancer risk. The association between talc exposure and ovarian cancer is as strong as in recent studies. The epidemiological studies to date provided inadequate evidence for the carcinogenicity of either inhaled or ingested talc that does not contain asbestos or asbestosiform fibers. Future studies should focus on seeking evidence in talc-exposed populations, collecting reliable information on age at initial used of body powder, exposure assessments related to talc use and dose response relationship in order to identify possible risk of talc ingested or inhaled.