Objectives : The objective of this review is to introduce the basic concepts on the febrile disease in the Mongolian Traditional Medicine(MTM). Methods : We comprehensively reviewed related textbooks in Mongolian and articles searched from China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) on febrile disease about MTM and summarized the pathophysiologic basis of, and treatment principles in MTM. Results and Conclusions : 1. In MTM, there are basic concepts such as theory of Arga-Bilig, theory of five elements, theory of three elements(人體三素), theory of seven constitutions and three discharges(七元三濊). Most of all, theory of three elements, which is about the basic elements of human body in MTM, is important fundamental notions for explaining human physiology and pathology. In MTM, It is explained that the imbalance of three elements, namely khii, shar, bad-kan is the root of all disease. Especially, febrile disease is treated by suppressing activated shar and blood(血液), which have fire characters, and managing various additional symptoms by balancing three elements and eliminating miasma(邪氣), inappropriate substances such as bile water(shar yc, 黃水) or blood stasis(惡血) simultaneously. 2. In MTM, both of internal treatment modalities(various medicinal therapy) and external treatment modalities(physical therapy) have been used for febrile disease. Food therapy and life style modification also have been recognized as important treatment methods. These aspects correspond to wholism theory of Korean Traditional Medicine(KTM). Further studies about details of each treatment methods will discover new applicable treatment method and make broaden the external boundaries of the KTM.