Purpose: The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, incidence, duration and risk factors for delirium following liver transplantation while the patients were in the acute stage and admitted to the intensive care unit. Method: A retrospective chart review of 106 patients who had liver transplantation was conducted. A delirium risk factor checklist was used, to collect preoperative and postoperative data. Descriptive analysis, t-test, x2-test, and logistic regression analyses were used for data analysis. Results: The post-transplantation incidence of delirium was 29.3% (n=31). Multivariate analysis revealed that risk factors were preoperative conditions in the patients including spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatorenal syndrome, and postoperative laboratory test results, such as hyperbilirubinemia. Conclusion: Therefore, a daily delirium risk factor assessment should be conducted before liver transplantation as a way to identify risk of delirium after the liver transplantation and to effectively manage delirium when it occurs.