In this paper the effect of the structure, particle size, morphology of nanofibers and nanoparticles for the electrochemical characteristics of $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$ was investigated. The $H_2Ti_2O_5{cdot}H_2O$ synthesized in hydrothermal treatment from a NaOH treatment on $TiO_2$ by ion exchange processing with HCl solutions. After the $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$ nanofibers synthesized in hydrothermal treatment of $H_2Ti_2O_5{cdot}H_2O$ and $LiOH{cdot}H_2O$. The hydrogen titanate precursor prepared by ion exchange processing with 0.1~0.3M HCl solutions and the final products calcined at $350^{circ}C{sim}400^{circ}C$. The $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$ nanofibers showed well reversibility during the insertion and extraction of Li, good cycle performance, high capacity and low electrochemical reaction resistance than nanoparticles. also c-rate exhibited a discharge capacity of 172 mAh/g at 0.2C and 115mAh/g at 5C, which is the 77%, 67% of that obtained in the process charged, discharged at 0.2C.